Model selection
Laura Menicacci
2023-04-13
Data description
Histogram & boxplot
Histogram (2) binwidth = 1
Updates
Selected model specifications
- Time series: 2000:2019
- Sample: us_q30 (-15 less patenting states)
- Function: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq
- p-val: 0.01, 0.05
- AR(0,1)
Model results
AR(0)
Log Patent Count
0.01
us_q30
Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp
us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0
Date: Mon Mar 27 01:28:00 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 720
Sample: 1 to 720
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
lgdp -3.87183601 1.33710748 -2.8957 0.0039124 **
lpop 0.89955545 0.39398348 2.2832 0.0227437 *
lgdp_sq 0.14585573 0.05018996 2.9061 0.0037865 **
avg_temp 0.00065794 0.01189470 0.0553 0.9559057
idCalifornia 0.50088495 0.59067851 0.8480 0.3967648
idColorado 0.53002841 0.20909064 2.5349 0.0114843 *
idConnecticut 1.43414851 0.25555736 5.6118 2.983e-08 ***
idDelaware 0.95608226 0.60180144 1.5887 0.1126219
idDistrictofColumbia 0.33624351 0.76191060 0.4413 0.6591331
idFlorida -0.52539442 0.35851610 -1.4655 0.1432840
idGeorgia -0.51307957 0.15706664 -3.2666 0.0011465 **
idIdaho -0.84594232 0.48774013 -1.7344 0.0833265 .
idIllinois -0.11285844 0.27007064 -0.4179 0.6761715
idIndiana -0.68870801 0.13263560 -5.1925 2.791e-07 ***
idIowa -1.01887695 0.26972181 -3.7775 0.0001732 ***
idKentucky -1.32456802 0.14993158 -8.8345 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMaryland -0.27097760 0.12527240 -2.1631 0.0309025 *
idMassachusetts 1.14436898 0.19928419 5.7424 1.443e-08 ***
idMichigan 0.32454606 0.25356614 1.2799 0.2010347
idMinnesota 0.42332351 0.25218214 1.6786 0.0937100 .
idMissouri -0.89357751 0.10714276 -8.3401 4.557e-16 ***
idNevada -0.07450347 0.31361708 -0.2376 0.8122969
idNewHampshire 0.06860170 0.51288212 0.1338 0.8936366
idNewJersey 0.10671673 0.18473910 0.5777 0.5636956
idNewMexico -0.08939918 0.36092091 -0.2477 0.8044480
idNewYork 0.68184429 0.45498618 1.4986 0.1344694
idNorthCarolina 0.03190199 0.14901847 0.2141 0.8305523
idOhio 0.22815965 0.23812894 0.9581 0.3383565
idOklahoma -0.88526442 0.17391487 -5.0902 4.708e-07 ***
idOregon 0.02521433 0.22733510 0.1109 0.9117204
idPennsylvania 0.19386893 0.27669203 0.7007 0.4837656
idRhodeIsland 0.03972407 0.55102443 0.0721 0.9425518
idSouthCarolina -0.36060029 0.15071616 -2.3926 0.0170178 *
idTennessee -0.80756543 0.08686121 -9.2972 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas -0.39659094 0.44896245 -0.8833 0.3773789
idUtah -0.39655136 0.29535520 -1.3426 0.1798693
idVirginia -0.15897306 0.14141229 -1.1242 0.2613575
idWashington 0.21116987 0.20109889 1.0501 0.2940778
idWisconsin -0.05456625 0.21998479 -0.2480 0.8041787
time2000 20.11572953 8.55561595 2.3512 0.0190167 *
time2001 20.19005985 8.55877702 2.3590 0.0186243 *
time2002 20.32060494 8.56034145 2.3738 0.0178999 *
time2003 20.31869878 8.56163500 2.3732 0.0179278 *
time2004 20.39390407 8.56671472 2.3806 0.0175763 *
time2005 20.59662741 8.57092445 2.4031 0.0165412 *
time2006 20.77859652 8.57471957 2.4232 0.0156591 *
time2007 20.86689804 8.57486707 2.4335 0.0152265 *
time2008 20.96926702 8.57272465 2.4460 0.0147115 *
time2009 21.12017210 8.57011677 2.4644 0.0139861 *
time2010 21.14990866 8.57341970 2.4669 0.0138890 *
time2011 21.11065799 8.57515918 2.4618 0.0140853 *
time2012 21.06909229 8.57910294 2.4559 0.0143194 *
time2013 21.02899876 8.57468058 2.4525 0.0144545 *
time2014 20.72312952 8.57635345 2.4163 0.0159575 *
time2015 20.78538374 8.58140126 2.4221 0.0157060 *
time2016 20.66007197 8.58370890 2.4069 0.0163711 *
time2017 20.65051282 8.58398123 2.4057 0.0164240 *
time2018 20.70004906 8.58420323 2.4114 0.0161715 *
time2019 20.57446736 8.58445737 2.3967 0.0168288 *
iis105 -1.06002154 0.25865890 -4.0981 4.700e-05 ***
iis109 -1.49562521 0.25994939 -5.7535 1.355e-08 ***
iis110 -0.84763893 0.25965870 -3.2644 0.0011553 **
iis111 -0.90423160 0.25959542 -3.4832 0.0005292 ***
iis162 -0.85560512 0.26086080 -3.2799 0.0010947 **
iis247 -1.12455628 0.25697743 -4.3761 1.411e-05 ***
iis342 -1.00830387 0.25754854 -3.9150 0.0001001 ***
iis379 -0.76463630 0.26426913 -2.8934 0.0039406 **
iis523 1.12083895 0.25817673 4.3414 1.646e-05 ***
iis524 0.83645408 0.25871235 3.2331 0.0012873 **
iis601 -0.82648775 0.25721550 -3.2132 0.0013785 **
iis604 -0.89978657 0.25741507 -3.4955 0.0005059 ***
iis662 -0.94621806 0.25732187 -3.6772 0.0002556 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.57366776 0.11536591 -4.9726 8.496e-07 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.78909710 0.12755601 -6.1863 1.099e-09 ***
fesisNevada.2010 -0.57921768 0.12607609 -4.5942 5.234e-06 ***
fesisNewYork.2005 -0.44748155 0.13404300 -3.3383 0.0008917 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2005 -0.60727725 0.13439005 -4.5188 7.409e-06 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.78663472 0.11645607 6.7548 3.218e-11 ***
fesisUtah.2019 -0.84414380 0.26176973 -3.2248 0.0013250 **
fesisWisconsin.2014 0.42053841 0.12376524 3.3979 0.0007212 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.51109 1 0.4747
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.23601 1 0.1348
SE of regression 0.24677
R-squared 0.94521
Log-lik.(n=720) 25.85228 AR(1)
Log Patent Count
0.01
us_q30
Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp
us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1
Date: Mon Mar 27 01:28:15 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 684
Sample: 1 to 684
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 0.081340 0.035478 2.2927 0.0222042 *
lgdp -447.390219 357.310383 -1.2521 0.2110106
lpop 435.874080 348.363959 1.2512 0.2113392
lgdp_sq 10.803967 8.614423 1.2542 0.2102591
avg_temp 1.058820 0.811459 1.3048 0.1924403
idCalifornia 2.054413 0.114625 17.9229 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 0.266464 0.082171 3.2428 0.0012482 **
idConnecticut 0.848909 0.111483 7.6147 1.009e-13 ***
idDelaware -0.175636 0.090387 -1.9431 0.0524582 .
idDistrictofColumbia -1.384828 0.132535 -10.4488 < 2.2e-16 ***
idFlorida 0.346992 0.082704 4.1956 3.125e-05 ***
idGeorgia -0.270544 0.081614 -3.3149 0.0009709 ***
idIdaho -1.389499 0.096208 -14.4426 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIllinois 0.342865 0.082872 4.1373 4.008e-05 ***
idIndiana -0.658398 0.084730 -7.7705 3.322e-14 ***
idIowa -1.454056 0.096728 -15.0324 < 2.2e-16 ***
idKentucky -1.463695 0.099604 -14.6951 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMaryland -0.390093 0.082305 -4.7396 2.667e-06 ***
idMassachusetts 0.975452 0.090781 10.7452 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 0.582059 0.084993 6.8483 1.825e-11 ***
idMinnesota 0.188779 0.081900 2.3050 0.0215011 *
idMissouri -0.908231 0.089209 -10.1810 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNevada -0.758430 0.098221 -7.7216 4.716e-14 ***
idNewHampshire -0.773265 0.085626 -9.0308 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewJersey 0.239849 0.082308 2.9140 0.0036984 **
idNewMexico -0.665346 0.084411 -7.8822 1.482e-14 ***
idNewYork 1.194376 0.095047 12.5662 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 0.253382 0.082154 3.0842 0.0021328 **
idOhio 0.577968 0.085132 6.7891 2.678e-11 ***
idOklahoma -1.122293 0.091297 -12.2928 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOregon 0.369153 0.156521 2.3585 0.0186637 *
idPennsylvania 0.642510 0.085684 7.4986 2.280e-13 ***
idRhodeIsland -0.536668 0.158366 -3.3888 0.0007472 ***
idSouthCarolina -0.538131 0.112359 -4.7894 2.102e-06 ***
idTennessee -0.776126 0.088216 -8.7980 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas 0.749702 0.087148 8.6026 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah -0.857730 0.088071 -9.7391 < 2.2e-16 ***
idVirginia -0.042333 0.082471 -0.5133 0.6079209
idWashington 0.149391 0.081763 1.8271 0.0681687 .
idWisconsin -0.061383 0.081329 -0.7548 0.4506884
time2001 64.745714 52.034503 1.2443 0.2138721
time2002 61.173257 49.057242 1.2470 0.2128837
time2003 61.974140 49.723308 1.2464 0.2131025
time2004 60.249785 48.245674 1.2488 0.2122120
time2005 58.191049 46.505691 1.2513 0.2113159
time2006 52.239637 41.624553 1.2550 0.2099514
time2007 47.602037 37.877995 1.2567 0.2093352
time2008 39.393635 31.199127 1.2627 0.2071960
time2009 19.302516 15.017601 1.2853 0.1991653
time2010 17.601775 13.634790 1.2909 0.1972107
time2011 17.141187 13.278143 1.2909 0.1972153
time2012 13.156496 10.198605 1.2900 0.1975286
time2013 11.027991 8.466880 1.3025 0.1932411
time2014 4.666085 3.682181 1.2672 0.2055641
time2015 2.303684 1.712806 1.3450 0.1791318
iis3 -0.741274 0.257917 -2.8741 0.0041929 **
iis99 -1.045690 0.271054 -3.8579 0.0001265 ***
iis103 -0.917499 0.293605 -3.1249 0.0018627 **
iis211 0.895940 0.258364 3.4677 0.0005617 ***
iis234 -1.100727 0.257593 -4.2731 2.235e-05 ***
iis324 -0.958357 0.257759 -3.7180 0.0002192 ***
iis360 -0.755375 0.268353 -2.8149 0.0050372 **
iis573 -0.936896 0.257777 -3.6345 0.0003020 ***
iis627 -0.880522 0.257600 -3.4182 0.0006723 ***
iis628 -0.939775 0.257876 -3.6443 0.0002909 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.567375 0.118338 -4.7945 2.050e-06 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.731702 0.125996 -5.8074 1.021e-08 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.603009 0.179617 -3.3572 0.0008363 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012 0.801562 0.174936 4.5820 5.584e-06 ***
fesisNevada.2012 -0.383389 0.123513 -3.1040 0.0019973 **
fesisOregon.2004 -0.723104 0.159274 -4.5400 6.778e-06 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -0.789741 0.158988 -4.9673 8.824e-07 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.758449 0.122000 6.2168 9.404e-10 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.11873 1 0.7304
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.33436 1 0.2480
SE of regression 0.24716
R-squared 0.94406
Log-lik.(n=684) 21.98927 0.05
us_q30
Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp
us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1
Date: Mon Mar 27 01:28:11 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 684
Sample: 1 to 684
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 0.088222 0.032667 2.7007 0.0071189 **
lgdp -370.701911 328.280257 -1.1292 0.2592631
lpop 361.675055 320.062617 1.1300 0.2589305
lgdp_sq 8.925075 7.914456 1.1277 0.2599088
avg_temp 0.880316 0.745450 1.1809 0.2381117
idCalifornia 2.040078 0.104231 19.5726 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 0.294310 0.074770 3.9362 9.267e-05 ***
idConnecticut 0.851617 0.100480 8.4755 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDelaware -0.115694 0.083157 -1.3913 0.1646711
idDistrictofColumbia -1.364355 0.119516 -11.4157 < 2.2e-16 ***
idFlorida 0.345414 0.074300 4.6489 4.122e-06 ***
idGeorgia -0.304919 0.074223 -4.1081 4.554e-05 ***
idIdaho -1.336261 0.087746 -15.2287 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIllinois 0.341111 0.074459 4.5812 5.647e-06 ***
idIndiana -0.652452 0.076199 -8.5625 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIowa -1.945826 0.237293 -8.2001 1.510e-15 ***
idKentucky -1.415482 0.091420 -15.4832 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMaryland -0.386304 0.073915 -5.2264 2.404e-07 ***
idMassachusetts 0.968963 0.081913 11.8292 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 0.578605 0.076462 7.5672 1.476e-13 ***
idMinnesota 0.438614 0.106711 4.1103 4.512e-05 ***
idMissouri -0.898013 0.080376 -11.1727 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNevada -0.753154 0.088289 -8.5305 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewHampshire -0.760436 0.078984 -9.6277 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewJersey 0.238728 0.073926 3.2293 0.0013100 **
idNewMexico -0.503573 0.096202 -5.2345 2.304e-07 ***
idNewYork 1.186169 0.085920 13.8054 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 0.252464 0.073779 3.4219 0.0006650 ***
idOhio 0.574422 0.076593 7.4996 2.368e-13 ***
idOklahoma -1.112910 0.082373 -13.5106 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOregon -0.193194 0.231589 -0.8342 0.4045017
idPennsylvania 0.638613 0.077113 8.2815 8.204e-16 ***
idRhodeIsland -0.533554 0.142290 -3.7498 0.0001945 ***
idSouthCarolina 0.026094 0.232097 0.1124 0.9105247
idTennessee -0.770008 0.079443 -9.6926 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas 0.744963 0.078494 9.4907 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah -0.810742 0.080356 -10.0893 < 2.2e-16 ***
idVirginia -0.038397 0.074028 -0.5187 0.6041796
idWashington 0.149093 0.073409 2.0310 0.0427050 *
idWisconsin -0.059982 0.072997 -0.8217 0.4115729
time2001 53.518063 47.806992 1.1195 0.2633998
time2002 50.549051 45.071632 1.1215 0.2625206
time2003 51.222982 45.683662 1.1213 0.2626368
time2004 49.834191 44.325999 1.1243 0.2613584
time2005 48.186508 42.727507 1.1278 0.2598791
time2006 43.280814 38.242901 1.1317 0.2582066
time2007 39.485652 34.800778 1.1346 0.2569962
time2008 32.689517 28.664376 1.1404 0.2545736
time2009 16.055051 13.797345 1.1636 0.2450438
time2010 14.614367 12.526790 1.1666 0.2438243
time2011 14.242073 12.199135 1.1675 0.2434947
time2012 10.921067 9.370038 1.1655 0.2442760
time2013 9.155834 7.778854 1.1770 0.2396646
time2014 3.831674 3.383045 1.1326 0.2578385
time2015 1.899277 1.573708 1.2069 0.2279627
iis3 -0.717666 0.231570 -3.0991 0.0020335 **
iis40 -0.546985 0.231423 -2.3636 0.0184234 *
iis87 -0.762833 0.234447 -3.2537 0.0012042 **
iis99 -1.038872 0.243320 -4.2696 2.283e-05 ***
iis103 -0.896661 0.263850 -3.3984 0.0007236 ***
iis144 0.703624 0.231627 3.0377 0.0024891 **
iis153 -0.796693 0.231953 -3.4347 0.0006349 ***
iis211 0.877308 0.232425 3.7746 0.0001765 ***
iis229 -0.680297 0.232605 -2.9247 0.0035807 **
iis234 -1.104590 0.231685 -4.7676 2.352e-06 ***
iis324 -1.001821 0.231936 -4.3194 1.836e-05 ***
iis360 -1.292015 0.320139 -4.0358 6.160e-05 ***
iis370 -0.696462 0.231755 -3.0052 0.0027673 **
iis503 -0.560731 0.232604 -2.4107 0.0162286 *
iis538 0.560620 0.233372 2.4023 0.0166026 *
iis551 -0.621087 0.233285 -2.6624 0.0079716 **
iis568 0.622450 0.236136 2.6360 0.0086105 **
iis569 0.560564 0.237251 2.3628 0.0184639 *
iis573 -0.910884 0.231413 -3.9362 9.268e-05 ***
iis624 -0.734955 0.231591 -3.1735 0.0015846 **
iis627 -0.899508 0.231919 -3.8785 0.0001169 ***
iis628 -0.981514 0.232034 -4.2300 2.709e-05 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.577678 0.106519 -5.4232 8.554e-08 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.782904 0.114677 -6.8270 2.162e-11 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.629781 0.161617 -3.8968 0.0001087 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012 0.829289 0.168422 4.9239 1.103e-06 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2017 -0.641585 0.247166 -2.5958 0.0096735 **
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2018 0.923320 0.276172 3.3433 0.0008805 ***
fesisIowa.2002 0.532099 0.232372 2.2899 0.0223824 *
fesisMinnesota.2007 -0.365931 0.111742 -3.2748 0.0011195 **
fesisNevada.2012 -0.473397 0.115892 -4.0848 5.022e-05 ***
fesisNevada.2018 0.652955 0.244367 2.6720 0.0077482 **
fesisNewHampshire.2019 0.576808 0.232138 2.4848 0.0132403 *
fesisNewMexico.2009 -0.610091 0.153103 -3.9848 7.599e-05 ***
fesisNewMexico.2012 0.468248 0.152553 3.0694 0.0022435 **
fesisOregon.2002 0.837190 0.276304 3.0300 0.0025531 **
fesisOregon.2004 -0.959168 0.171122 -5.6052 3.199e-08 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -0.778470 0.144456 -5.3890 1.026e-07 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2002 -0.642762 0.243688 -2.6376 0.0085689 **
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.733249 0.118154 6.2059 1.026e-09 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.17072 1 0.6795
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.11704 1 0.7323
SE of regression 0.22184
R-squared 0.95656
Log-lik.(n=684) 106.92467 Robustness check
Model specifications
- Time series: 2000:2019
- Sample: us_all, us_q30 (-15 less patenting states)
- Function: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel, ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel (removed avg_temp as it was not significant)
- p-val: 0.01, 0.05
- AR(0,1)
AR(0)
Ihs Patent Count
0.01
us_all
Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_all (2000:2019); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:09:31 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020
Sample: 1 to 1020
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
lgdp -0.250310 1.123262 -0.2228 0.8237090
lpop 0.527869 0.478991 1.1020 0.2707355
lgdp_sq 0.019572 0.048436 0.4041 0.6862487
lfuel -0.257949 0.310615 -0.8304 0.4065049
idAlaska 0.285782 0.803126 0.3558 0.7220451
idArizona 1.599141 0.168811 9.4730 < 2.2e-16 ***
idArkansas -0.972597 0.251731 -3.8636 0.0001197 ***
idCalifornia 2.383190 0.912730 2.6111 0.0091756 **
idColorado 2.028023 0.156187 12.9846 < 2.2e-16 ***
idConnecticut 2.908335 0.236811 12.2813 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDelaware 2.785966 0.707621 3.9371 8.880e-05 ***
idDistrictofColumbia 1.069172 0.925997 1.1546 0.2485522
idFlorida 1.149348 0.584476 1.9665 0.0495507 *
idGeorgia 1.021426 0.319664 3.1953 0.0014452 **
idHawaii 1.109943 0.528793 2.0990 0.0360922 *
idIdaho 0.980651 0.464772 2.1100 0.0351354 *
idIllinois 1.434440 0.448232 3.2002 0.0014211 **
idIndiana 0.815134 0.180858 4.5070 7.435e-06 ***
idIowa 0.420112 0.216894 1.9369 0.0530627 .
idKansas 0.171364 0.239652 0.7151 0.4747613
idKentucky 0.152370 0.121552 1.2535 0.2103318
idLouisiana 0.078249 0.160031 0.4890 0.6249889
idMaine 0.426393 0.523919 0.8139 0.4159434
idMaryland 1.196170 0.175246 6.8257 1.602e-11 ***
idMassachusetts 2.608351 0.236765 11.0166 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 1.916875 0.331241 5.7869 9.874e-09 ***
idMinnesota 1.924279 0.160168 12.0142 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMississippi 0.391300 0.264308 1.4805 0.1390963
idMissouri 0.597771 0.156473 3.8203 0.0001424 ***
idMontana 0.375123 0.645182 0.5814 0.5611002
idNebraska -0.122713 0.410106 -0.2992 0.7648395
idNevada 1.428679 0.293217 4.8724 1.301e-06 ***
idNewHampshire 1.904415 0.531142 3.5855 0.0003544 ***
idNewJersey 1.590883 0.312874 5.0847 4.474e-07 ***
idNewMexico 1.743426 0.364352 4.7850 1.996e-06 ***
idNewYork 1.980744 0.644525 3.0732 0.0021813 **
idNorthCarolina 1.600653 0.310659 5.1524 3.157e-07 ***
idNorthDakota 0.249276 0.796536 0.3130 0.7543904
idOhio 1.810739 0.393672 4.5996 4.835e-06 ***
idOklahoma 0.656769 0.150560 4.3622 1.436e-05 ***
idOregon 1.750836 0.145768 12.0111 < 2.2e-16 ***
idPennsylvania 1.771057 0.433756 4.0831 4.838e-05 ***
idRhodeIsland 2.051659 0.609306 3.3672 0.0007913 ***
idSouthCarolina 1.291802 0.152902 8.4485 < 2.2e-16 ***
idSouthDakota 0.053200 0.740017 0.0719 0.9427054
idTennessee 0.109750 0.215457 0.5094 0.6106080
idTexas 1.342206 0.721774 1.8596 0.0632676 .
idUtah 1.230073 0.252675 4.8682 1.329e-06 ***
idVermont 1.266864 0.838717 1.5105 0.1312703
idVirginia 1.279382 0.265005 4.8278 1.620e-06 ***
idWashington 1.681936 0.223385 7.5293 1.233e-13 ***
idWestVirginia 0.056437 0.393686 0.1434 0.8860416
idWisconsin 1.618240 0.149801 10.8026 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWyoming 1.425540 0.917730 1.5533 0.1206932
time2000 -2.236478 7.711968 -0.2900 0.7718819
time2001 -2.251534 7.706439 -0.2922 0.7702292
time2002 -2.075531 7.708743 -0.2692 0.7878035
time2003 -1.961176 7.717404 -0.2541 0.7994577
time2004 -1.922549 7.730525 -0.2487 0.8036525
time2005 -1.595526 7.744653 -0.2060 0.8368244
time2006 -1.396252 7.754142 -0.1801 0.8571416
time2007 -1.180517 7.758924 -0.1521 0.8791029
time2008 -1.047081 7.777700 -0.1346 0.8929375
time2009 -1.001678 7.754613 -0.1292 0.8972503
time2010 -0.977264 7.767856 -0.1258 0.8999113
time2011 -0.896490 7.781232 -0.1152 0.9083028
time2012 -0.949876 7.779979 -0.1221 0.9028530
time2013 -1.026136 7.781893 -0.1319 0.8951227
time2014 -1.323572 7.776581 -0.1702 0.8648911
time2015 -1.483803 7.741470 -0.1917 0.8480441
time2016 -1.610831 7.736397 -0.2082 0.8351082
time2017 -1.582258 7.746759 -0.2042 0.8382058
time2018 -1.507851 7.758629 -0.1943 0.8459493
time2019 -1.636295 7.751279 -0.2111 0.8328567
iis3 -1.158279 0.365235 -3.1713 0.0015685 **
iis18 -1.275426 0.365426 -3.4902 0.0005059 ***
iis62 2.096418 0.379916 5.5181 4.474e-08 ***
iis66 1.642456 0.379926 4.3231 1.709e-05 ***
iis73 1.064461 0.374517 2.8422 0.0045807 **
iis165 -1.057473 0.372734 -2.8371 0.0046546 **
iis169 -1.591100 0.373051 -4.2651 2.208e-05 ***
iis221 -1.403203 0.377147 -3.7206 0.0002110 ***
iis236 -2.071060 0.435188 -4.7590 2.264e-06 ***
iis238 -1.959393 0.435292 -4.5013 7.634e-06 ***
iis239 -2.200966 0.435199 -5.0574 5.146e-07 ***
iis347 -1.475913 0.364788 -4.0459 5.656e-05 ***
iis502 -1.367273 0.365177 -3.7441 0.0001925 ***
iis549 -1.070161 0.371280 -2.8824 0.0040406 **
iis687 1.215231 0.369237 3.2912 0.0010362 **
iis825 1.774398 0.379922 4.6704 3.461e-06 ***
iis830 0.987866 0.373048 2.6481 0.0082356 **
fesisAlaska.2007 -1.156909 0.198979 -5.8142 8.440e-09 ***
fesisAlaska.2014 0.652785 0.200579 3.2545 0.0011781 **
fesisArkansas.2009 0.991437 0.180517 5.4922 5.159e-08 ***
fesisArkansas.2019 -1.319464 0.374884 -3.5197 0.0004536 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.596086 0.162675 -3.6643 0.0002625 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.859920 0.179921 -4.7794 2.051e-06 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012 0.534402 0.174398 3.0643 0.0022467 **
fesisHawaii.2009 -0.635872 0.198907 -3.1968 0.0014376 **
fesisHawaii.2015 0.810737 0.290545 2.7904 0.0053750 **
fesisLouisiana.2011 -0.820957 0.209271 -3.9229 9.409e-05 ***
fesisLouisiana.2015 1.114322 0.239325 4.6561 3.705e-06 ***
fesisMaine.2008 0.708814 0.165486 4.2832 2.039e-05 ***
fesisMississippi.2004 -1.348604 0.200861 -6.7141 3.337e-11 ***
fesisNebraska.2012 0.729184 0.166930 4.3682 1.398e-05 ***
fesisNevada.2012 -0.655632 0.176666 -3.7111 0.0002189 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2005 -0.731592 0.187607 -3.8996 0.0001035 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.840182 0.166469 5.0471 5.423e-07 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2008 1.167768 0.180906 6.4551 1.761e-10 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2019 -1.713488 0.373575 -4.5867 5.136e-06 ***
fesisTennessee.2005 0.642446 0.184583 3.4805 0.0005243 ***
fesisUtah.2019 -1.159956 0.368335 -3.1492 0.0016910 **
fesisWestVirginia.2013 -0.706492 0.170020 -4.1554 3.556e-05 ***
fesisWyoming.2005 -0.605740 0.195313 -3.1014 0.0019859 **
fesisWyoming.2017 -0.914074 0.232822 -3.9261 9.290e-05 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 2.0067 1 0.15661
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.9035 1 0.08839 .
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
SE of regression 0.35173
R-squared 0.94587
Log-lik.(n=1020) -324.03364 us_q30
Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_q30 (2000:2019); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:06:44 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 720
Sample: 1 to 720
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
lgdp -3.216728 1.512687 -2.1265 0.0338443 *
lpop 1.106473 0.446698 2.4770 0.0135066 *
lgdp_sq 0.120294 0.056835 2.1165 0.0346847 *
lfuel 0.042308 0.279503 0.1514 0.8797320
idCalifornia 0.254991 0.692169 0.3684 0.7127017
idColorado 0.579775 0.137706 4.2102 2.917e-05 ***
idConnecticut 1.583396 0.256867 6.1643 1.255e-09 ***
idDelaware 1.430535 0.688234 2.0786 0.0380562 *
idDistrictofColumbia 0.654720 0.871064 0.7516 0.4525493
idFlorida -0.716647 0.399049 -1.7959 0.0729847 .
idGeorgia -0.612764 0.175720 -3.4872 0.0005217 ***
idIdaho -0.656861 0.507422 -1.2945 0.1959584
idIllinois -0.237574 0.285953 -0.8308 0.4063877
idIndiana -0.756852 0.091445 -8.2766 7.403e-16 ***
idIowa -1.755448 0.311801 -5.6300 2.700e-08 ***
idKentucky -1.389615 0.162526 -8.5501 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMaryland -0.283815 0.121551 -2.3350 0.0198546 *
idMassachusetts 1.159985 0.158401 7.3231 7.323e-13 ***
idMichigan 0.240339 0.183550 1.3094 0.1908728
idMinnesota 0.455961 0.130533 3.4931 0.0005104 ***
idMissouri -0.969339 0.092000 -10.5363 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNevada 0.084889 0.333585 0.2545 0.7992100
idNewHampshire 0.391746 0.547103 0.7160 0.4742299
idNewJersey 0.047627 0.184785 0.2577 0.7966887
idNewMexico 0.142141 0.409754 0.3469 0.7287865
idNewYork 0.525017 0.475586 1.1039 0.2700369
idNorthCarolina -0.039259 0.167828 -0.2339 0.8151204
idOhio 0.123969 0.235957 0.5254 0.5994963
idOklahoma -0.896596 0.200901 -4.4629 9.558e-06 ***
idOregon 0.790577 0.226709 3.4872 0.0005216 ***
idPennsylvania 0.073025 0.270413 0.2700 0.7872097
idRhodeIsland 0.402102 0.614946 0.6539 0.5134237
idSouthCarolina -0.325852 0.170914 -1.9065 0.0570305 .
idTennessee -0.882125 0.089838 -9.8191 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas -0.609231 0.520931 -1.1695 0.2426365
idUtah -0.288127 0.302032 -0.9540 0.3404640
idVirginia -0.215764 0.144840 -1.4897 0.1368025
idWashington 0.196511 0.133723 1.4695 0.1421808
idWisconsin -0.057808 0.106204 -0.5443 0.5864196
time2000 14.604739 9.573521 1.5255 0.1276206
time2001 14.726123 9.567961 1.5391 0.1242730
time2002 14.862061 9.568833 1.5532 0.1208767
time2003 14.837073 9.580133 1.5487 0.1219409
time2004 14.897335 9.597368 1.5522 0.1211020
time2005 15.100786 9.615260 1.5705 0.1167934
time2006 15.293592 9.625120 1.5889 0.1125720
time2007 15.379416 9.630681 1.5969 0.1107782
time2008 15.467909 9.647056 1.6034 0.1093446
time2009 15.653909 9.618553 1.6275 0.1041302
time2010 15.671982 9.632600 1.6270 0.1042357
time2011 15.622191 9.645826 1.6196 0.1058158
time2012 15.579839 9.645994 1.6152 0.1067693
time2013 15.530921 9.647778 1.6098 0.1079370
time2014 15.199713 9.645031 1.5759 0.1155412
time2015 15.304628 9.612285 1.5922 0.1118355
time2016 15.173091 9.608096 1.5792 0.1147854
time2017 15.151588 9.619747 1.5751 0.1157397
time2018 15.195910 9.633932 1.5773 0.1152140
time2019 15.056865 9.628851 1.5637 0.1183775
iis105 -1.448046 0.286103 -5.0613 5.452e-07 ***
iis109 -1.901946 0.287395 -6.6179 7.719e-11 ***
iis110 -0.961689 0.287260 -3.3478 0.0008624 ***
iis111 -1.030966 0.286920 -3.5932 0.0003517 ***
iis162 -1.233418 0.288922 -4.2690 2.261e-05 ***
iis242 -1.084230 0.285206 -3.8016 0.0001576 ***
iis247 -1.550922 0.284581 -5.4498 7.206e-08 ***
iis342 -1.432175 0.284968 -5.0257 6.519e-07 ***
iis379 -0.974312 0.292086 -3.3357 0.0009001 ***
iis601 -1.124355 0.284536 -3.9515 8.630e-05 ***
iis604 -1.179795 0.284522 -4.1466 3.830e-05 ***
iis662 -1.109904 0.284883 -3.8960 0.0001081 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.593846 0.127442 -4.6597 3.855e-06 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.864920 0.141517 -6.1118 1.714e-09 ***
fesisIowa.2002 0.773297 0.211596 3.6546 0.0002788 ***
fesisNevada.2010 -0.657882 0.145762 -4.5134 7.595e-06 ***
fesisNewYork.2005 -0.460685 0.148432 -3.1037 0.0019957 **
fesisOregon.2004 -0.713520 0.163517 -4.3636 1.492e-05 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2005 -0.662278 0.148570 -4.4577 9.784e-06 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.833216 0.129373 6.4404 2.344e-10 ***
fesisUtah.2019 -1.060969 0.289294 -3.6674 0.0002654 ***
fesisWisconsin.2014 0.450776 0.136469 3.3031 0.0010094 **
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.0078743 1 0.92929
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.6454046 1 0.05622 .
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
SE of regression 0.27283
R-squared 0.94355
Log-lik.(n=720) -45.93225 Log Patent Count
0.01
us_all
Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_all (2000:2019); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:04:03 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020
Sample: 1 to 1020
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
lgdp -0.753794 0.978606 -0.7703 0.4413380
lpop 1.068286 0.409288 2.6101 0.0092005 **
lgdp_sq 0.025554 0.042639 0.5993 0.5491146
lfuel -0.366344 0.273409 -1.3399 0.1806088
idAlaska 1.174856 0.683190 1.7197 0.0858351 .
idArizona 1.430647 0.140552 10.1788 < 2.2e-16 ***
idArkansas -0.048570 0.222771 -0.2180 0.8274565
idCalifornia 1.584667 0.774182 2.0469 0.0409565 *
idColorado 1.978476 0.129496 15.2783 < 2.2e-16 ***
idConnecticut 2.962796 0.199815 14.8277 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDelaware 3.161038 0.602888 5.2432 1.965e-07 ***
idDistrictofColumbia 2.029164 0.789799 2.5692 0.0103517 *
idFlorida 0.755423 0.491951 1.5356 0.1249942
idGeorgia 0.830010 0.268280 3.0938 0.0020365 **
idHawaii 0.425252 0.531017 0.8008 0.4234424
idIdaho 1.212285 0.393449 3.0812 0.0021241 **
idIllinois 1.206031 0.376639 3.2021 0.0014119 **
idIndiana 0.728977 0.150545 4.8423 1.509e-06 ***
idIowa 0.638928 0.182537 3.5003 0.0004874 ***
idKansas 0.457845 0.201958 2.2670 0.0236234 *
idKentucky 0.246111 0.099691 2.4687 0.0137425 *
idLouisiana 0.252679 0.133056 1.8990 0.0578759 .
idMaine 0.965384 0.443815 2.1752 0.0298732 *
idMaryland 1.161522 0.145769 7.9682 4.814e-15 ***
idMassachusetts 2.538830 0.198198 12.8096 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 1.648343 0.278307 5.9227 4.490e-09 ***
idMinnesota 1.869498 0.133066 14.0494 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMississippi 0.561262 0.221085 2.5387 0.0112937 *
idMissouri 0.549686 0.129725 4.2373 2.493e-05 ***
idMontana 0.912519 0.548314 1.6642 0.0964125 .
idNebraska 0.418012 0.347661 1.2024 0.2295397
idNevada 1.556635 0.247098 6.2997 4.645e-10 ***
idNewHampshire 2.142100 0.451247 4.7471 2.397e-06 ***
idNewJersey 1.460008 0.262334 5.5655 3.443e-08 ***
idNewMexico 1.834118 0.308454 5.9462 3.914e-09 ***
idNewYork 1.698675 0.542346 3.1321 0.0017914 **
idNorthCarolina 1.374815 0.260735 5.2728 1.680e-07 ***
idNorthDakota 1.095074 0.679553 1.6115 0.1074267
idOhio 1.539358 0.330808 4.6533 3.753e-06 ***
idOklahoma 0.728987 0.125094 5.8275 7.812e-09 ***
idOregon 1.647383 0.121863 13.5183 < 2.2e-16 ***
idPennsylvania 1.496756 0.364552 4.1057 4.394e-05 ***
idRhodeIsland 2.303124 0.517951 4.4466 9.805e-06 ***
idSouthCarolina 1.211430 0.126477 9.5782 < 2.2e-16 ***
idSouthDakota 0.807832 0.630455 1.2813 0.2003990
idTennessee 0.539423 0.141105 3.8228 0.0001409 ***
idTexas 0.956225 0.607296 1.5746 0.1157068
idUtah 1.326893 0.212599 6.2413 6.654e-10 ***
idVermont 1.780478 0.715326 2.4890 0.0129870 *
idVirginia 1.161814 0.221839 5.2372 2.027e-07 ***
idWashington 1.597641 0.186568 8.5633 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWestVirginia 0.427539 0.332881 1.2844 0.1993444
idWisconsin 1.387342 0.133838 10.3659 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWyoming 2.135815 0.783040 2.7276 0.0065031 **
time2000 -1.658827 6.702173 -0.2475 0.8045727
time2001 -1.686120 6.701546 -0.2516 0.8014060
time2002 -1.585308 6.703207 -0.2365 0.8130981
time2003 -1.419975 6.705883 -0.2118 0.8323492
time2004 -1.341490 6.710186 -0.1999 0.8415891
time2005 -0.960979 6.715045 -0.1431 0.8862364
time2006 -0.763021 6.719687 -0.1136 0.9096196
time2007 -0.585782 6.722300 -0.0871 0.9305794
time2008 -0.403061 6.731055 -0.0599 0.9522637
time2009 -0.456587 6.723339 -0.0679 0.9458717
time2010 -0.386517 6.728673 -0.0574 0.9542048
time2011 -0.295889 6.734929 -0.0439 0.9649671
time2012 -0.344596 6.734029 -0.0512 0.9591995
time2013 -0.408685 6.735066 -0.0607 0.9516273
time2014 -0.692363 6.732539 -0.1028 0.9181140
time2015 -0.931813 6.718325 -0.1387 0.8897202
time2016 -1.065213 6.716560 -0.1586 0.8740233
time2017 -1.019911 6.719836 -0.1518 0.8793972
time2018 -0.894110 6.723863 -0.1330 0.8942421
time2019 -1.019484 6.720200 -0.1517 0.8794539
iis62 1.192221 0.327029 3.6456 0.0002819 ***
iis73 0.863018 0.314629 2.7430 0.0062087 **
iis169 -1.152496 0.312106 -3.6926 0.0002352 ***
iis236 -1.604272 0.365597 -4.3881 1.278e-05 ***
iis238 -1.480235 0.365634 -4.0484 5.597e-05 ***
iis239 -1.709387 0.365606 -4.6755 3.378e-06 ***
iis347 -1.131853 0.306408 -3.6939 0.0002340 ***
iis502 -0.998962 0.306750 -3.2566 0.0011694 **
iis549 -0.857661 0.311900 -2.7498 0.0060818 **
iis743 1.109394 0.308318 3.5982 0.0003377 ***
iis825 1.384676 0.319096 4.3394 1.589e-05 ***
iis830 0.841706 0.313428 2.6855 0.0073748 **
fesisAlaska.2007 -0.942128 0.167497 -5.6247 2.474e-08 ***
fesisAlaska.2014 0.563518 0.168576 3.3428 0.0008633 ***
fesisArkansas.2006 -0.695476 0.218163 -3.1879 0.0014823 **
fesisArkansas.2009 0.977352 0.199656 4.8952 1.162e-06 ***
fesisArkansas.2019 -0.983964 0.314960 -3.1241 0.0018402 **
fesisCalifornia.2006 0.462832 0.161678 2.8627 0.0042976 **
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.554881 0.136673 -4.0599 5.333e-05 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.833406 0.151595 -5.4976 5.006e-08 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012 0.449637 0.144136 3.1195 0.0018686 **
fesisHawaii.2001 1.031584 0.316838 3.2559 0.0011723 **
fesisHawaii.2009 -0.548617 0.167538 -3.2746 0.0010983 **
fesisHawaii.2015 0.721089 0.244136 2.9536 0.0032216 **
fesisLouisiana.2011 -0.689865 0.175870 -3.9226 9.421e-05 ***
fesisLouisiana.2015 0.907271 0.201082 4.5119 7.268e-06 ***
fesisMaine.2011 0.502193 0.137194 3.6605 0.0002663 ***
fesisMississippi.2004 -1.104644 0.168779 -6.5449 9.944e-11 ***
fesisNebraska.2012 0.570699 0.140230 4.0697 5.117e-05 ***
fesisNevada.2012 -0.619466 0.148416 -4.1738 3.283e-05 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2005 -0.630601 0.157612 -4.0010 6.823e-05 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.763543 0.139885 5.4584 6.204e-08 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2008 0.874768 0.151982 5.7557 1.180e-08 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2019 -1.308075 0.313907 -4.1671 3.380e-05 ***
fesisUtah.2019 -0.971240 0.309420 -3.1389 0.0017507 **
fesisWestVirginia.2013 -0.508325 0.142974 -3.5554 0.0003970 ***
fesisWisconsin.2014 0.428740 0.146785 2.9209 0.0035771 **
fesisWyoming.2005 -0.559988 0.164272 -3.4089 0.0006809 ***
fesisWyoming.2017 -0.672426 0.195614 -3.4375 0.0006138 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 3.6808 1 0.05504 .
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.3980 1 0.23707
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
SE of regression 0.29548
R-squared 0.94988
Log-lik.(n=1020) -147.28845 us_q30
Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_q30 (2000:2019); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0
Date: Sat Apr 1 13:59:18 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 720
Sample: 1 to 720
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
lgdp -2.520530 1.402063 -1.7977 0.0726927 .
lpop 1.171714 0.397845 2.9452 0.0033455 **
lgdp_sq 0.093230 0.053258 1.7505 0.0805075 .
lfuel -0.143474 0.262902 -0.5457 0.5854422
idCalifornia -0.097812 0.634496 -0.1542 0.8775340
idColorado 0.577391 0.122454 4.7152 2.968e-06 ***
idConnecticut 1.577997 0.229667 6.8708 1.521e-11 ***
idDelaware 1.661099 0.632928 2.6245 0.0088863 **
idDistrictofColumbia 1.040444 0.785359 1.3248 0.1857120
idFlorida -0.791282 0.362701 -2.1816 0.0295007 *
idGeorgia -0.668212 0.161298 -4.1427 3.894e-05 ***
idIdaho -0.302383 0.471655 -0.6411 0.5216812
idIllinois -0.293679 0.261943 -1.1212 0.2626441
idIndiana -0.702250 0.081822 -8.5827 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIowa -0.788778 0.241929 -3.2604 0.0011719 **
idKentucky -1.196389 0.147833 -8.0929 2.952e-15 ***
idMaryland -0.253547 0.108445 -2.3380 0.0196943 *
idMassachusetts 1.119114 0.142890 7.8320 2.010e-14 ***
idMichigan -0.188974 0.235013 -0.8041 0.4216400
idMinnesota 0.456963 0.116368 3.9269 9.543e-05 ***
idMissouri -0.879049 0.082175 -10.6972 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNevada 0.212475 0.303153 0.7009 0.4836309
idNewHampshire 0.635379 0.505486 1.2570 0.2092254
idNewJersey 0.011805 0.169158 0.0698 0.9443863
idNewMexico 0.334221 0.379492 0.8807 0.3788081
idNewYork 0.397093 0.435056 0.9127 0.3617246
idNorthCarolina -0.080542 0.152953 -0.5266 0.5986679
idOhio 0.059732 0.215413 0.2773 0.7816457
idOklahoma -0.708628 0.183968 -3.8519 0.0001290 ***
idOregon 0.786981 0.204737 3.8439 0.0001332 ***
idPennsylvania 0.005042 0.247106 0.0204 0.9837273
idRhodeIsland 0.708280 0.570439 1.2416 0.2148259
idSouthCarolina -0.236441 0.155543 -1.5201 0.1289794
idTennessee -0.808688 0.080221 -10.0807 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas -0.682953 0.474616 -1.4390 0.1506525
idUtah -0.115428 0.277224 -0.4164 0.6772777
idVirginia -0.229089 0.131926 -1.7365 0.0829579 .
idWashington 0.178185 0.120549 1.4781 0.1398725
idWisconsin -0.040126 0.094826 -0.4232 0.6723265
time2000 9.593603 8.945944 1.0724 0.2839473
time2001 9.661709 8.946068 1.0800 0.2805525
time2002 9.822765 8.947365 1.0978 0.2726890
time2003 9.824717 8.952796 1.0974 0.2728846
time2004 9.930859 8.960693 1.1083 0.2681632
time2005 10.173321 8.968659 1.1343 0.2570867
time2006 10.363677 8.974610 1.1548 0.2486139
time2007 10.461694 8.977304 1.1653 0.2443132
time2008 10.608114 8.983690 1.1808 0.2381145
time2009 10.681892 8.972065 1.1906 0.2342643
time2010 10.747595 8.977915 1.1971 0.2317064
time2011 10.740201 8.983715 1.1955 0.2323285
time2012 10.696359 8.984161 1.1906 0.2342614
time2013 10.656315 8.985144 1.1860 0.2360667
time2014 10.333319 8.985167 1.1500 0.2505575
time2015 10.289405 8.974683 1.1465 0.2520213
time2016 10.146258 8.973921 1.1306 0.2586323
time2017 10.170152 8.977934 1.1328 0.2577262
time2018 10.256565 8.983511 1.1417 0.2540029
time2019 10.110905 8.982253 1.1257 0.2607355
iis105 -1.042646 0.255354 -4.0831 5.008e-05 ***
iis109 -1.468330 0.256532 -5.7238 1.604e-08 ***
iis110 -0.825151 0.256373 -3.2186 0.0013537 **
iis111 -0.893447 0.255994 -3.4901 0.0005161 ***
iis141 0.829325 0.255392 3.2473 0.0012263 **
iis162 -0.791550 0.257935 -3.0688 0.0022404 **
iis247 -1.127715 0.253598 -4.4469 1.028e-05 ***
iis342 -1.017514 0.254263 -4.0018 7.023e-05 ***
iis379 -0.782917 0.260686 -3.0033 0.0027753 **
iis601 -0.801057 0.254030 -3.1534 0.0016896 **
iis604 -0.908852 0.253905 -3.5795 0.0003704 ***
iis662 -0.946930 0.254120 -3.7263 0.0002115 ***
fesisCalifornia.2006 0.373072 0.137967 2.7041 0.0070323 **
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.554322 0.113990 -4.8629 1.458e-06 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.807052 0.126745 -6.3675 3.675e-10 ***
fesisMichigan.2003 0.440356 0.160523 2.7433 0.0062540 **
fesisNevada.2010 -0.583380 0.130185 -4.4812 8.800e-06 ***
fesisNewYork.2005 -0.393821 0.133211 -2.9564 0.0032279 **
fesisOregon.2004 -0.638370 0.146405 -4.3603 1.514e-05 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2005 -0.587112 0.132625 -4.4269 1.125e-05 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.769214 0.115612 6.6534 6.167e-11 ***
fesisUtah.2019 -0.906033 0.258553 -3.5042 0.0004900 ***
fesisWisconsin.2014 0.438416 0.121899 3.5966 0.0003474 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.061218 1 0.80458
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.830506 1 0.05033 .
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
SE of regression 0.24347
R-squared 0.94683
Log-lik.(n=720) 36.54681 AR(1)
Ihs Patent Count
0.01
us_all
Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_all (2000:2019); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:09:35 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 969
Sample: 1 to 969
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 2.5548e-02 2.9360e-02 0.8702 0.3844525
lgdp 8.5007e+03 2.0724e+04 0.4102 0.6817698
lpop -7.1254e+03 1.7381e+04 -0.4100 0.6819380
lgdp_sq -2.8966e+02 7.0562e+02 -0.4105 0.6815362
lfuel -1.7731e+01 4.3998e+01 -0.4030 0.6870507
idAlaska -8.1654e-01 1.7005e-01 -4.8019 1.854e-06 ***
idArizona 1.8667e+00 1.3110e-01 14.2389 < 2.2e-16 ***
idArkansas -1.0557e+00 1.6005e-01 -6.5961 7.368e-11 ***
idCalifornia 4.1330e+00 1.7284e-01 23.9123 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 2.2036e+00 1.3578e-01 16.2298 < 2.2e-16 ***
idConnecticut 2.8538e+00 1.7601e-01 16.2137 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDelaware 1.7209e+00 1.4072e-01 12.2294 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDistrictofColumbia 1.9894e-01 1.6839e-01 1.1815 0.2377481
idFlorida 2.2939e+00 1.3725e-01 16.7129 < 2.2e-16 ***
idGeorgia 1.6092e+00 1.2832e-01 12.5402 < 2.2e-16 ***
idHawaii 3.5295e-01 1.5174e-01 2.3260 0.0202499 *
idIdaho -8.5222e-01 3.6841e-01 -2.3133 0.0209430 *
idIllinois 2.2918e+00 1.3769e-01 16.6441 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIndiana 1.1634e+00 1.2281e-01 9.4731 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIowa 2.3432e-01 1.1733e-01 1.9971 0.0461314 *
idKansas -1.0982e-01 1.1685e-01 -0.9398 0.3475587
idKentucky 1.5268e-01 1.1861e-01 1.2872 0.1983666
idLouisiana 7.5953e-02 1.1694e-01 0.6495 0.5161828
idMaine 1.4289e-01 1.1855e-01 1.2054 0.2283995
idMaryland 1.4738e+00 1.2629e-01 11.6698 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMassachusetts 2.9794e+00 1.4969e-01 19.9040 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 2.5517e+00 1.4177e-01 17.9990 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMinnesota 2.1224e+00 1.3492e-01 15.7302 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMississippi -1.2557e+00 1.2590e-01 -9.9737 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMissouri 8.6773e-01 1.2172e-01 7.1286 2.148e-12 ***
idMontana -6.6802e-01 1.1786e-01 -5.6678 1.974e-08 ***
idNebraska -6.6868e-01 1.4702e-01 -4.5480 6.192e-06 ***
idNevada 8.0212e-01 1.2028e-01 6.6690 4.604e-11 ***
idNewHampshire 1.0290e+00 1.2200e-01 8.4345 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewJersey 2.1795e+00 1.3623e-01 15.9985 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewMexico 1.1561e+00 1.2316e-01 9.3873 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewYork 3.2162e+00 1.5446e-01 20.8224 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 2.1916e+00 1.3576e-01 16.1433 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthDakota -9.0026e-01 1.2262e-01 -7.3422 4.874e-13 ***
idOhio 2.5493e+00 1.4203e-01 17.9496 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOklahoma 6.0217e-01 1.1870e-01 5.0731 4.795e-07 ***
idOregon 1.5764e+00 1.3009e-01 12.1176 < 2.2e-16 ***
idPennsylvania 2.6174e+00 1.4288e-01 18.3191 < 2.2e-16 ***
idRhodeIsland 1.2915e+00 2.2589e-01 5.7174 1.492e-08 ***
idSouthCarolina 1.2983e+00 1.6476e-01 7.8799 9.881e-15 ***
idSouthDakota -1.0801e+00 1.6977e-01 -6.3623 3.226e-10 ***
idTennessee 1.0157e+00 1.2216e-01 8.3145 3.580e-16 ***
idTexas 2.7342e+00 1.4504e-01 18.8516 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah 8.6046e-01 1.2089e-01 7.1177 2.315e-12 ***
idVermont -6.9933e-02 1.1686e-01 -0.5985 0.5496955
idVirginia 1.8019e+00 1.3002e-01 13.8589 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWashington 2.0782e+00 1.3437e-01 15.4656 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWestVirginia -5.6432e-01 1.3334e-01 -4.2322 2.562e-05 ***
idWisconsin 1.8419e+00 1.3077e-01 14.0854 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWyoming -4.7226e-01 1.2443e-01 -3.7953 0.0001578 ***
time2001 -2.9644e+02 7.1959e+02 -0.4120 0.6804714
time2002 -3.1222e+02 7.5847e+02 -0.4116 0.6807055
time2003 -3.1680e+02 7.7024e+02 -0.4113 0.6809544
time2004 -3.7000e+02 9.0057e+02 -0.4109 0.6812848
time2005 -3.6723e+02 8.9466e+02 -0.4105 0.6815675
time2006 -2.9569e+02 7.2054e+02 -0.4104 0.6816335
time2007 -2.3968e+02 5.8444e+02 -0.4101 0.6818412
time2008 -1.4899e+02 3.6298e+02 -0.4105 0.6815561
time2009 -4.7774e+01 1.1653e+02 -0.4100 0.6819396
time2010 -3.3417e+01 8.1449e+01 -0.4103 0.6817027
time2011 -3.1394e+01 7.6515e+01 -0.4103 0.6816917
time2012 -1.9098e+01 4.6553e+01 -0.4102 0.6817363
time2013 -1.3060e+01 3.1702e+01 -0.4119 0.6804832
time2014 1.3969e+01 3.4853e+01 0.4008 0.6886631
time2015 7.4082e+00 1.8039e+01 0.4107 0.6814075
iis17 -1.2463e+00 3.6885e-01 -3.3789 0.0007604 ***
iis58 1.8972e+00 3.8371e-01 4.9444 9.182e-07 ***
iis72 -1.4956e+00 3.7817e-01 -3.9548 8.289e-05 ***
iis76 -1.5980e+00 3.7879e-01 -4.2187 2.718e-05 ***
iis156 -1.3637e+00 3.8773e-01 -3.5172 0.0004590 ***
iis160 -1.2026e+00 4.1723e-01 -2.8822 0.0040473 **
iis224 -2.1374e+00 4.4125e-01 -4.8440 1.509e-06 ***
iis226 -2.0220e+00 4.4616e-01 -4.5321 6.665e-06 ***
iis227 -2.2217e+00 4.3935e-01 -5.0569 5.210e-07 ***
iis329 -1.4332e+00 3.6866e-01 -3.8876 0.0001090 ***
iis365 -1.3461e+00 3.6905e-01 -3.6474 0.0002808 ***
iis457 1.3716e+00 3.7016e-01 3.7055 0.0002245 ***
iis458 2.0500e+00 3.7179e-01 5.5138 4.646e-08 ***
iis459 1.7715e+00 3.7401e-01 4.7366 2.542e-06 ***
iis476 -1.3634e+00 3.6882e-01 -3.6968 0.0002322 ***
iis521 -1.1035e+00 3.8014e-01 -2.9030 0.0037908 **
iis652 1.1272e+00 3.6955e-01 3.0501 0.0023575 **
iis653 -1.0612e+00 3.7065e-01 -2.8630 0.0042985 **
iis705 1.3153e+00 3.6875e-01 3.5669 0.0003812 ***
iis783 1.7309e+00 3.8758e-01 4.4660 9.033e-06 ***
iis788 9.7712e-01 3.7622e-01 2.5972 0.0095588 **
iis801 -1.2647e+00 3.6866e-01 -3.4305 0.0006312 ***
iis952 1.2309e+00 3.7066e-01 3.3208 0.0009355 ***
fesisAlaska.2007 -9.0369e-01 1.7878e-01 -5.0548 5.265e-07 ***
fesisArkansas.2009 1.0180e+00 1.8133e-01 5.6142 2.665e-08 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -6.3263e-01 1.6786e-01 -3.7688 0.0001752 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -8.5165e-01 1.7843e-01 -4.7730 2.133e-06 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -6.8382e-01 2.5514e-01 -2.6801 0.0075001 **
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012 9.9862e-01 2.4672e-01 4.0476 5.642e-05 ***
fesisHawaii.2009 -6.6108e-01 1.9407e-01 -3.4064 0.0006887 ***
fesisHawaii.2015 8.3290e-01 2.9642e-01 2.8099 0.0050683 **
fesisIdaho.2002 1.1683e+00 3.6892e-01 3.1667 0.0015962 **
fesisNebraska.2011 6.3989e-01 1.7013e-01 3.7612 0.0001806 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -9.3309e-01 2.2651e-01 -4.1193 4.167e-05 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 8.4674e-01 1.7237e-01 4.9123 1.077e-06 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2008 1.1560e+00 1.8773e-01 6.1575 1.133e-09 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2019 -1.6927e+00 3.7662e-01 -4.4944 7.932e-06 ***
fesisWestVirginia.2013 -7.1500e-01 1.7152e-01 -4.1687 3.373e-05 ***
fesisWyoming.2017 -9.7826e-01 2.2900e-01 -4.2719 2.155e-05 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.51824 1 0.47160
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 4.38492 1 0.03626 *
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
SE of regression 0.35513
R-squared 0.94438
Log-lik.(n=969) -317.26342 us_q30
Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_q30 (2000:2019); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:09:19 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 684
Sample: 1 to 684
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 0.06002979 0.03370447 1.7811 0.0754013 .
lgdp -3.08049142 20.56869822 -0.1498 0.8809989
lpop 6.41694667 22.88344616 0.2804 0.7792517
lgdp_sq -0.10373578 0.36064146 -0.2876 0.7737185
lfuel 0.50835926 0.41535083 1.2239 0.2214537
idCalifornia 2.18655018 0.11687837 18.7079 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 0.32555559 0.08778916 3.7084 0.0002277 ***
idConnecticut 0.94776047 0.11905253 7.9609 8.413e-15 ***
idDelaware -0.14491276 0.09700279 -1.4939 0.1357197
idDistrictofColumbia -1.60039442 0.14475673 -11.0558 < 2.2e-16 ***
idFlorida 0.41246245 0.08826506 4.6730 3.658e-06 ***
idGeorgia -0.24996264 0.08738721 -2.8604 0.0043763 **
idIdaho -1.49074276 0.10421589 -14.3044 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIllinois 0.40938527 0.08842747 4.6296 4.482e-06 ***
idIndiana -0.67785968 0.09054662 -7.4863 2.500e-13 ***
idIowa -2.47364372 0.28738653 -8.6074 < 2.2e-16 ***
idKentucky -1.59004166 0.10890900 -14.5997 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMaryland -0.37936269 0.08807696 -4.3072 1.928e-05 ***
idMassachusetts 1.07262629 0.09547850 11.2342 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 0.66051912 0.09030320 7.3145 8.194e-13 ***
idMinnesota 0.24627301 0.08756347 2.8125 0.0050744 **
idMissouri -0.95873427 0.09540985 -10.0486 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNevada -0.79172327 0.10530173 -7.5186 1.995e-13 ***
idNewHampshire -0.80904587 0.09145069 -8.8468 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewJersey 0.30035496 0.08792391 3.4161 0.0006777 ***
idNewMexico -0.68645397 0.09020599 -7.6098 1.050e-13 ***
idNewYork 1.30067384 0.09929658 13.0989 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 0.31359859 0.08778456 3.5724 0.0003818 ***
idOhio 0.65766100 0.09044458 7.2714 1.099e-12 ***
idOklahoma -1.21923718 0.09766971 -12.4833 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOregon 0.43163614 0.16909779 2.5526 0.0109360 *
idPennsylvania 0.72399074 0.09092159 7.9628 8.295e-15 ***
idRhodeIsland -0.57846378 0.17114747 -3.3799 0.0007715 ***
idSouthCarolina -0.55654391 0.12095429 -4.6013 5.113e-06 ***
idTennessee -0.82000822 0.09455129 -8.6726 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas 0.83641613 0.09223083 9.0687 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah -0.91560954 0.09421662 -9.7181 < 2.2e-16 ***
idVirginia -0.00097605 0.08835124 -0.0110 0.9911893
idWashington 0.20338941 0.08743955 2.3261 0.0203434 *
idWisconsin -0.02391738 0.08708231 -0.2747 0.7836765
time2001 -0.18027990 2.78317212 -0.0648 0.9483745
time2002 -0.05749371 2.64766126 -0.0217 0.9826825
time2003 0.03293784 2.80304966 0.0118 0.9906284
time2004 0.05766994 2.63322947 0.0219 0.9825342
time2005 0.27003434 2.62204367 0.1030 0.9180079
time2006 0.41027144 2.34941416 0.1746 0.8614308
time2007 0.47809502 2.17319267 0.2200 0.8259476
time2008 0.24560050 1.55977017 0.1575 0.8749351
time2009 0.11119034 0.51880594 0.2143 0.8303696
time2010 -0.03288497 0.40297312 -0.0816 0.9349870
time2011 -0.17109129 0.39866305 -0.4292 0.6679569
time2012 -0.16860564 0.35514594 -0.4748 0.6351355
time2013 -0.23048214 0.32924033 -0.7000 0.4841687
time2014 -0.51879214 0.35608368 -1.4569 0.1456495
time2015 -0.03564694 0.12475432 -0.2857 0.7751768
iis99 -1.39886144 0.29446159 -4.7506 2.533e-06 ***
iis103 -1.03581266 0.33917874 -3.0539 0.0023578 **
iis153 -1.22126165 0.28046006 -4.3545 1.565e-05 ***
iis211 0.98225361 0.28179714 3.4857 0.0005263 ***
iis229 -1.06765155 0.28099912 -3.7995 0.0001596 ***
iis234 -1.52841986 0.28016017 -5.4555 7.114e-08 ***
iis324 -1.42532625 0.28031379 -5.0848 4.909e-07 ***
iis360 -0.93412871 0.29142149 -3.2054 0.0014193 **
iis551 -0.93761298 0.28128551 -3.3333 0.0009103 ***
iis573 -1.19256626 0.27981376 -4.2620 2.348e-05 ***
iis627 -1.08712632 0.27984943 -3.8847 0.0001137 ***
iis628 -1.15805136 0.28041474 -4.1298 4.139e-05 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.60531284 0.12833643 -4.7166 2.977e-06 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.81387309 0.13667223 -5.9549 4.402e-09 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.85588418 0.22504580 -3.8032 0.0001573 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011 1.09857981 0.21859629 5.0256 6.609e-07 ***
fesisIowa.2002 0.89388758 0.28107586 3.1802 0.0015464 **
fesisNevada.2012 -0.44496609 0.13416179 -3.3166 0.0009654 ***
fesisOregon.2004 -0.76737332 0.17287938 -4.4388 1.074e-05 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -0.81687579 0.17345733 -4.7094 3.081e-06 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.83202971 0.13212579 6.2973 5.809e-10 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.13453 1 0.7138
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.09141 1 0.1481
SE of regression 0.26839
R-squared 0.94423
Log-lik.(n=684) -32.88726 0.05
us_all
Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_all (2000:2019); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:09:39 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 969
Sample: 1 to 969
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 3.5999e-02 2.5489e-02 1.4123 0.1582317
lgdp 1.3515e+04 1.7784e+04 0.7600 0.4474966
lpop -1.1327e+04 1.4915e+04 -0.7595 0.4477937
lgdp_sq -4.6061e+02 6.0552e+02 -0.7607 0.4470642
lfuel -2.7882e+01 3.7752e+01 -0.7386 0.4603911
idAlaska -2.2241e-01 2.4916e-01 -0.8926 0.3723182
idArizona 2.6235e+00 2.2782e-01 11.5160 < 2.2e-16 ***
idArkansas -3.3036e-01 2.7174e-01 -1.2157 0.2244493
idCalifornia 4.8218e+00 2.4714e-01 19.5106 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 2.9131e+00 2.2937e-01 12.7004 < 2.2e-16 ***
idConnecticut 3.5567e+00 2.4728e-01 14.3833 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDelaware 2.4280e+00 2.3105e-01 10.5088 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDistrictofColumbia 9.3355e-01 2.4258e-01 3.8484 0.0001281 ***
idFlorida 3.0024e+00 2.3002e-01 13.0528 < 2.2e-16 ***
idGeorgia 2.3244e+00 2.2621e-01 10.2755 < 2.2e-16 ***
idHawaii 1.0063e+00 2.3841e-01 4.2209 2.706e-05 ***
idIdaho 1.0505e+00 2.2278e-01 4.7155 2.834e-06 ***
idIllinois 3.0000e+00 2.3021e-01 13.0314 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIndiana 1.8841e+00 2.2399e-01 8.4116 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIowa 3.8665e-02 3.6318e-01 0.1065 0.9152417
idKansas 6.7440e-01 2.2234e-01 3.0331 0.0024968 **
idKentucky 9.4359e-01 2.2330e-01 4.2256 2.651e-05 ***
idLouisiana 1.0200e+00 2.3328e-01 4.3724 1.387e-05 ***
idMaine 9.3825e-01 2.2299e-01 4.2076 2.866e-05 ***
idMaryland 2.1908e+00 2.2538e-01 9.7207 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMassachusetts 3.6802e+00 2.3567e-01 15.6160 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 3.2572e+00 2.3202e-01 14.0382 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMinnesota 2.8325e+00 2.2900e-01 12.3687 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMississippi -2.0745e-01 2.4466e-01 -0.8479 0.3967465
idMissouri 1.5963e+00 2.2379e-01 7.1327 2.167e-12 ***
idMontana 1.7145e-02 2.2287e-01 0.0769 0.9386999
idNebraska 8.1405e-01 3.6339e-01 2.2401 0.0253499 *
idNevada 1.7700e+00 2.3098e-01 7.6631 5.137e-14 ***
idNewHampshire 1.7507e+00 2.2367e-01 7.8271 1.544e-14 ***
idNewJersey 2.8887e+00 2.2957e-01 12.5829 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewMexico 1.8764e+00 2.2412e-01 8.3722 2.440e-16 ***
idNewYork 3.9143e+00 2.3793e-01 16.4513 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 2.9012e+00 2.2937e-01 12.6486 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthDakota -1.0290e-01 2.2483e-01 -0.4577 0.6473033
idOhio 3.2547e+00 2.3214e-01 14.0204 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOklahoma 1.3289e+00 2.2241e-01 5.9748 3.435e-09 ***
idOregon 2.2922e+00 2.2714e-01 10.0912 < 2.2e-16 ***
idPennsylvania 3.3223e+00 2.3253e-01 14.2877 < 2.2e-16 ***
idRhodeIsland 1.9842e+00 2.7178e-01 7.3006 6.792e-13 ***
idSouthCarolina 2.0148e+00 2.4111e-01 8.3560 2.768e-16 ***
idSouthDakota -3.3830e-01 2.4339e-01 -1.3899 0.1649237
idTennessee 1.7389e+00 2.2370e-01 7.7735 2.293e-14 ***
idTexas 3.4377e+00 2.3351e-01 14.7220 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah 1.5835e+00 2.2324e-01 7.0935 2.832e-12 ***
idVermont 6.7147e-01 2.2324e-01 3.0078 0.0027124 **
idVirginia 2.5781e+00 2.2781e-01 11.3169 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWashington 2.7887e+00 2.2877e-01 12.1901 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWestVirginia 1.9587e-01 2.2690e-01 0.8633 0.3882467
idWisconsin 2.5551e+00 2.2723e-01 11.2446 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWyoming 2.3771e-01 2.2414e-01 1.0605 0.2892092
time2001 -4.7099e+02 6.1751e+02 -0.7627 0.4458459
time2002 -4.9613e+02 6.5087e+02 -0.7623 0.4461204
time2003 -5.0355e+02 6.6097e+02 -0.7618 0.4463716
time2004 -5.8808e+02 7.7281e+02 -0.7610 0.4468966
time2005 -5.8391e+02 7.6774e+02 -0.7605 0.4471451
time2006 -4.7025e+02 6.1833e+02 -0.7605 0.4471585
time2007 -3.8135e+02 5.0153e+02 -0.7604 0.4472557
time2008 -2.3735e+02 3.1149e+02 -0.7620 0.4462842
time2009 -7.6457e+01 1.0000e+02 -0.7646 0.4447564
time2010 -5.3610e+01 6.9897e+01 -0.7670 0.4433094
time2011 -5.0426e+01 6.5663e+01 -0.7680 0.4427364
time2012 -3.0850e+01 3.9952e+01 -0.7722 0.4402289
time2013 -2.1134e+01 2.7208e+01 -0.7768 0.4375194
time2014 2.1913e+01 2.9906e+01 0.7327 0.4639361
time2015 1.1662e+01 1.5480e+01 0.7534 0.4514506
iis4 -1.2877e+00 3.1006e-01 -4.1531 3.624e-05 ***
iis10 -1.2921e+00 3.0998e-01 -4.1682 3.397e-05 ***
iis13 -9.5236e-01 3.1046e-01 -3.0676 0.0022292 **
iis17 -1.5557e+00 3.1026e-01 -5.0140 6.539e-07 ***
iis22 8.5439e-01 3.2722e-01 2.6111 0.0091906 **
iis41 -8.3392e-01 3.0699e-01 -2.7165 0.0067377 **
iis58 1.8354e+00 3.4529e-01 5.3155 1.373e-07 ***
iis63 -1.8349e+00 3.1740e-01 -5.7809 1.057e-08 ***
iis64 -1.4885e+00 3.1828e-01 -4.6767 3.409e-06 ***
iis65 -1.4776e+00 3.1756e-01 -4.6528 3.818e-06 ***
iis72 -1.6233e+00 3.1661e-01 -5.1271 3.675e-07 ***
iis76 -1.8860e+00 4.2367e-01 -4.4515 9.710e-06 ***
iis156 -1.3838e+00 3.2266e-01 -4.2887 2.012e-05 ***
iis160 -1.1945e+00 3.4743e-01 -3.4381 0.0006155 ***
iis217 6.3202e-01 3.1923e-01 1.9798 0.0480577 *
iis224 -1.3491e+00 3.1909e-01 -4.2281 2.623e-05 ***
iis225 1.3301e+00 3.2060e-01 4.1487 3.693e-05 ***
iis226 -1.2427e+00 3.2119e-01 -3.8692 0.0001179 ***
iis227 -1.4658e+00 3.2052e-01 -4.5732 5.545e-06 ***
iis229 -1.2484e+00 3.0732e-01 -4.0622 5.330e-05 ***
iis315 -9.6079e-01 3.0673e-01 -3.1324 0.0017957 **
iis324 -1.0768e+00 3.0784e-01 -3.4981 0.0004938 ***
iis329 -1.4758e+00 3.0720e-01 -4.8041 1.849e-06 ***
iis343 -9.9952e-01 3.1517e-01 -3.1713 0.0015739 **
iis361 8.3666e-01 3.3382e-01 2.5063 0.0123933 *
iis365 -1.4195e+00 3.0753e-01 -4.6158 4.545e-06 ***
iis371 -1.1173e+00 3.0755e-01 -3.6329 0.0002977 ***
iis457 9.8632e-01 3.2292e-01 3.0544 0.0023283 **
iis458 1.7197e+00 3.2336e-01 5.3184 1.352e-07 ***
iis459 1.4538e+00 3.2477e-01 4.4762 8.674e-06 ***
iis469 -7.0608e-01 3.1468e-01 -2.2438 0.0251115 *
iis476 -1.4463e+00 3.0724e-01 -4.7073 2.947e-06 ***
iis505 1.0352e+00 3.0677e-01 3.3744 0.0007746 ***
iis521 -1.5072e+00 3.1626e-01 -4.7655 2.229e-06 ***
iis523 -1.2793e+00 3.1479e-01 -4.0640 5.290e-05 ***
iis532 1.6841e+00 4.2360e-01 3.9756 7.642e-05 ***
iis550 -1.5860e+00 4.2323e-01 -3.7473 0.0001913 ***
iis652 1.0930e+00 3.0798e-01 3.5491 0.0004086 ***
iis653 -1.1077e+00 3.0903e-01 -3.5845 0.0003577 ***
iis657 -9.6348e-01 3.0774e-01 -3.1308 0.0018053 **
iis705 1.2997e+00 3.0696e-01 4.2339 2.557e-05 ***
iis783 1.7152e+00 3.2251e-01 5.3183 1.353e-07 ***
iis788 1.2497e+00 3.2234e-01 3.8768 0.0001143 ***
iis789 9.9917e-01 3.2371e-01 3.0866 0.0020929 **
iis793 7.4539e-01 3.2229e-01 2.3128 0.0209819 *
iis796 8.6723e-01 3.2275e-01 2.6870 0.0073550 **
iis801 -1.2589e+00 3.0683e-01 -4.1029 4.488e-05 ***
iis857 -9.3536e-01 3.0743e-01 -3.0425 0.0024214 **
iis865 7.8452e-01 3.0753e-01 2.5510 0.0109217 *
iis875 -1.1841e+00 3.0730e-01 -3.8532 0.0001257 ***
iis925 -1.3084e+00 3.1011e-01 -4.2193 2.725e-05 ***
iis952 1.2435e+00 3.0796e-01 4.0378 5.903e-05 ***
iis967 -1.1939e+00 3.0795e-01 -3.8769 0.0001143 ***
iis968 -1.2193e+00 3.0963e-01 -3.9379 8.919e-05 ***
fesisAlabama.2003 1.0462e+00 2.2715e-01 4.6057 4.765e-06 ***
fesisAlaska.2007 -1.0321e+00 1.7682e-01 -5.8372 7.649e-09 ***
fesisAlaska.2014 6.2362e-01 1.6637e-01 3.7483 0.0001906 ***
fesisArkansas.2005 1.1589e+00 2.0235e-01 5.7275 1.432e-08 ***
fesisArkansas.2017 -1.1174e+00 3.1710e-01 -3.5240 0.0004487 ***
fesisArkansas.2018 1.3442e+00 4.2325e-01 3.1758 0.0015501 **
fesisConnecticut.2009 -6.2759e-01 1.3986e-01 -4.4872 8.252e-06 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -8.2089e-01 1.4867e-01 -5.5214 4.518e-08 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -6.7890e-01 2.1251e-01 -3.1946 0.0014539 **
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012 9.8850e-01 2.0561e-01 4.8075 1.818e-06 ***
fesisHawaii.2009 -5.3097e-01 1.6031e-01 -3.3122 0.0009663 ***
fesisIowa.2002 1.9739e+00 4.2276e-01 4.6690 3.536e-06 ***
fesisIowa.2003 -1.0551e+00 3.0837e-01 -3.4214 0.0006539 ***
fesisLouisiana.2011 -9.3391e-01 1.8056e-01 -5.1722 2.911e-07 ***
fesisLouisiana.2015 9.0936e-01 2.1178e-01 4.2938 1.967e-05 ***
fesisMississippi.2010 -4.0587e-01 1.5839e-01 -2.5625 0.0105702 *
fesisNebraska.2002 -1.2780e+00 3.4517e-01 -3.7026 0.0002277 ***
fesisNebraska.2005 9.4824e-01 1.9921e-01 4.7599 2.290e-06 ***
fesisNebraska.2016 8.5957e-01 2.3522e-01 3.6543 0.0002743 ***
fesisNebraska.2018 -1.5234e+00 3.6573e-01 -4.1653 3.439e-05 ***
fesisNevada.2012 -5.7001e-01 1.5256e-01 -3.7363 0.0001998 ***
fesisNevada.2018 7.5556e-01 3.2310e-01 2.3384 0.0196043 *
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -8.9267e-01 1.8869e-01 -4.7308 2.634e-06 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 8.4246e-01 1.4351e-01 5.8705 6.313e-09 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2008 9.0639e-01 1.7383e-01 5.2143 2.339e-07 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2018 -8.4119e-01 2.4390e-01 -3.4489 0.0005918 ***
fesisWestVirginia.2015 -8.1221e-01 1.5783e-01 -5.1460 3.334e-07 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 1.3503 1 0.2452
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.8062 1 0.1790
SE of regression 0.29540
R-squared 0.96339
Log-lik.(n=969) -117.81890 us_q30
Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_q30 (2000:2019); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:09:18 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 684
Sample: 1 to 684
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 0.074889 0.030922 2.4219 0.0157436 *
lgdp -1.395048 19.021308 -0.0733 0.9415595
lpop 4.693660 21.161931 0.2218 0.8245489
lgdp_sq -0.139879 0.333700 -0.4192 0.6752414
lfuel 0.437856 0.385003 1.1373 0.2558867
idCalifornia 2.108958 0.107500 19.6182 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 0.308313 0.081635 3.7768 0.0001751 ***
idConnecticut 0.886656 0.108793 8.1499 2.213e-15 ***
idDelaware -0.131080 0.090951 -1.4412 0.1500599
idDistrictofColumbia -1.615936 0.132026 -12.2395 < 2.2e-16 ***
idFlorida 0.362881 0.081016 4.4791 9.013e-06 ***
idGeorgia -0.328404 0.081163 -4.0462 5.902e-05 ***
idIdaho -1.509947 0.095315 -15.8416 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIllinois 0.359380 0.081170 4.4275 1.137e-05 ***
idIndiana -0.710139 0.082915 -8.5647 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIowa -1.599133 0.095564 -16.7336 < 2.2e-16 ***
idKentucky -1.607808 0.099567 -16.1481 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMaryland -0.416753 0.080703 -5.1640 3.317e-07 ***
idMassachusetts 1.012140 0.087747 11.5348 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 0.606753 0.082932 7.3163 8.430e-13 ***
idMinnesota 0.198993 0.080346 2.4767 0.0135413 *
idMissouri -0.986416 0.087301 -11.2990 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNevada -0.900635 0.088848 -10.1368 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewHampshire -0.834044 0.085907 -9.7087 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewJersey 0.251770 0.080692 3.1202 0.0018964 **
idNewMexico -0.566178 0.105125 -5.3858 1.046e-07 ***
idNewYork 1.236414 0.091282 13.5450 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 0.265478 0.080558 3.2955 0.0010419 **
idOhio 0.603662 0.083064 7.2674 1.176e-12 ***
idOklahoma -1.242957 0.089372 -13.9077 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOregon 0.119016 0.184383 0.6455 0.5188684
idPennsylvania 0.669238 0.083510 8.0139 6.037e-15 ***
idRhodeIsland -0.622665 0.155624 -4.0011 7.113e-05 ***
idSouthCarolina 0.013260 0.253803 0.0522 0.9583512
idTennessee -0.846233 0.086465 -9.7870 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas 0.779794 0.084730 9.2033 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah -1.232015 0.129208 -9.5351 < 2.2e-16 ***
idVirginia -0.043522 0.080980 -0.5374 0.5911677
idWashington 0.156667 0.080226 1.9528 0.0513156 .
idWisconsin -0.066769 0.079853 -0.8361 0.4034156
time2001 -0.449159 2.573487 -0.1745 0.8615068
time2002 -0.293464 2.448179 -0.1199 0.9046270
time2003 -0.175298 2.591847 -0.0676 0.9460996
time2004 -0.149474 2.434896 -0.0614 0.9510709
time2005 0.085611 2.424614 0.0353 0.9718451
time2006 0.225569 2.172503 0.1038 0.9173405
time2007 0.331301 2.009520 0.1649 0.8691063
time2008 0.158663 1.442600 0.1100 0.9124599
time2009 0.110962 0.480612 0.2309 0.8174913
time2010 -0.027586 0.374324 -0.0737 0.9412782
time2011 -0.123917 0.370950 -0.3341 0.7384590
time2012 -0.166637 0.330629 -0.5040 0.6144511
time2013 -0.191393 0.306689 -0.6241 0.5328302
time2014 -0.445322 0.331018 -1.3453 0.1790452
time2015 -0.047599 0.115822 -0.4110 0.6812493
iis3 -0.821208 0.253272 -3.2424 0.0012526 **
iis40 -0.586998 0.253215 -2.3182 0.0207830 *
iis87 -0.791612 0.256487 -3.0864 0.0021219 **
iis99 -1.409963 0.266268 -5.2953 1.683e-07 ***
iis103 -1.034938 0.306933 -3.3719 0.0007958 ***
iis107 0.876908 0.284486 3.0824 0.0021496 **
iis108 0.865850 0.284556 3.0428 0.0024487 **
iis110 0.931926 0.284702 3.2733 0.0011254 **
iis111 1.076301 0.284625 3.7815 0.0001719 ***
iis113 1.202421 0.284819 4.2217 2.810e-05 ***
iis114 0.879425 0.285356 3.0819 0.0021538 **
iis144 0.730668 0.253273 2.8849 0.0040594 **
iis153 -1.210176 0.253780 -4.7686 2.344e-06 ***
iis210 -0.881488 0.254343 -3.4657 0.0005675 ***
iis211 0.985473 0.255113 3.8629 0.0001245 ***
iis229 -1.064359 0.254256 -4.1862 3.273e-05 ***
iis234 -1.501616 0.253435 -5.9250 5.328e-09 ***
iis324 -1.418074 0.253639 -5.5909 3.466e-08 ***
iis355 -0.830344 0.253960 -3.2696 0.0011402 **
iis356 -0.856806 0.255054 -3.3593 0.0008321 ***
iis360 -1.261341 0.253958 -4.9667 8.945e-07 ***
iis370 -0.734323 0.253430 -2.8975 0.0039017 **
iis496 0.752331 0.302360 2.4882 0.0131158 *
iis538 0.622549 0.255396 2.4376 0.0150823 *
iis551 -0.860205 0.255120 -3.3718 0.0007961 ***
iis568 0.662455 0.258220 2.5655 0.0105513 *
iis569 0.594767 0.259313 2.2936 0.0221653 *
iis573 -1.230702 0.253159 -4.8614 1.499e-06 ***
iis624 -0.963504 0.256298 -3.7593 0.0001875 ***
iis627 -1.235506 0.256527 -4.8163 1.864e-06 ***
iis628 -1.147641 0.253737 -4.5230 7.384e-06 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.591928 0.116128 -5.0972 4.659e-07 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.845177 0.125102 -6.7559 3.430e-11 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.859883 0.203700 -4.2213 2.815e-05 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011 0.458103 0.229439 1.9966 0.0463284 *
fesisNewHampshire.2019 0.622115 0.253787 2.4513 0.0145240 *
fesisNewMexico.2009 -0.630180 0.167298 -3.7668 0.0001820 ***
fesisNewMexico.2012 0.502848 0.166800 3.0147 0.0026839 **
fesisOregon.2004 -0.491172 0.186803 -2.6294 0.0087793 **
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -0.836328 0.157797 -5.3000 1.642e-07 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2002 -0.710154 0.266494 -2.6648 0.0079156 **
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.823575 0.129075 6.3806 3.585e-10 ***
fesisUtah.2006 0.469693 0.131618 3.5686 0.0003883 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.66136 1 0.4161
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.46273 1 0.1166
SE of regression 0.24267
R-squared 0.95606
Log-lik.(n=684) 47.02062 Log Patent Count
0.01
us_all
Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_all (2000:2019); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:03:03 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 969
Sample: 1 to 969
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 5.1807e-02 3.0254e-02 1.7124 0.0871834 .
lgdp 1.1075e+04 1.7774e+04 0.6231 0.5333928
lpop -9.2852e+03 1.4906e+04 -0.6229 0.5335145
lgdp_sq -3.7723e+02 6.0517e+02 -0.6233 0.5332232
lfuel -2.3262e+01 3.7733e+01 -0.6165 0.5377395
idAlaska -5.2549e-01 1.4541e-01 -3.6139 0.0003190 ***
idArizona 1.6322e+00 1.1235e-01 14.5274 < 2.2e-16 ***
idArkansas -3.0094e-01 1.0467e-01 -2.8751 0.0041375 **
idCalifornia 3.7925e+00 1.5648e-01 24.2362 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 1.9471e+00 1.1714e-01 16.6217 < 2.2e-16 ***
idConnecticut 2.5397e+00 1.5305e-01 16.5943 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDelaware 1.4882e+00 1.2042e-01 12.3582 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDistrictofColumbia 2.1996e-01 1.4432e-01 1.5241 0.1278392
idFlorida 2.0303e+00 1.1864e-01 17.1128 < 2.2e-16 ***
idGeorgia 1.3946e+00 1.0959e-01 12.7256 < 2.2e-16 ***
idHawaii 3.3079e-01 1.2983e-01 2.5479 0.0110100 *
idIdaho 2.3856e-01 9.9729e-02 2.3920 0.0169673 *
idIllinois 2.0270e+00 1.1907e-01 17.0237 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIndiana 9.9266e-01 1.0433e-01 9.5145 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIowa 2.2099e-01 9.9716e-02 2.2162 0.0269349 *
idKansas -4.3210e-02 9.9396e-02 -0.4347 0.6638724
idKentucky 1.6035e-01 1.0089e-01 1.5894 0.1123355
idLouisiana 9.8070e-02 9.9441e-02 0.9862 0.3243039
idMaine 9.9886e-02 9.9432e-02 1.0046 0.3153844
idMaryland 1.2702e+00 1.0759e-01 11.8057 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMassachusetts 2.6799e+00 1.3168e-01 20.3514 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 2.2734e+00 1.2334e-01 18.4324 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMinnesota 1.8677e+00 1.1621e-01 16.0712 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMississippi -9.0524e-01 1.0699e-01 -8.4607 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMissouri 7.3709e-01 1.0340e-01 7.1288 2.132e-12 ***
idMontana -4.5581e-01 1.0022e-01 -4.5479 6.190e-06 ***
idNebraska -4.3904e-01 1.1782e-01 -3.7264 0.0002068 ***
idNevada 6.8320e-01 1.0208e-01 6.6926 3.932e-11 ***
idNewHampshire 8.7528e-01 1.0358e-01 8.4504 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewJersey 1.9212e+00 1.1756e-01 16.3427 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewMexico 9.8668e-01 1.0464e-01 9.4295 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewYork 2.9062e+00 1.3675e-01 21.2513 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 1.9339e+00 1.1708e-01 16.5171 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthDakota -5.7897e-01 1.0285e-01 -5.6295 2.440e-08 ***
idOhio 2.2698e+00 1.2358e-01 18.3666 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOklahoma 5.1402e-01 1.0077e-01 5.1007 4.157e-07 ***
idOregon 1.3626e+00 1.1117e-01 12.2569 < 2.2e-16 ***
idPennsylvania 2.3358e+00 1.2450e-01 18.7611 < 2.2e-16 ***
idRhodeIsland 1.1038e+00 1.9397e-01 5.6908 1.730e-08 ***
idSouthCarolina 1.1064e+00 1.4098e-01 7.8480 1.244e-14 ***
idSouthDakota -5.4711e-01 1.3719e-01 -3.9880 7.226e-05 ***
idTennessee 8.7088e-01 1.0385e-01 8.3858 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas 2.4466e+00 1.2677e-01 19.3001 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah 7.4114e-01 1.0267e-01 7.2186 1.148e-12 ***
idVermont -8.1227e-03 9.9400e-02 -0.0817 0.9348908
idVirginia 1.6299e+00 1.1281e-01 14.4489 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWashington 1.8272e+00 1.1567e-01 15.7975 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWestVirginia -5.7655e-01 1.0066e-01 -5.7276 1.404e-08 ***
idWisconsin 1.6092e+00 1.1203e-01 14.3635 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWyoming -3.2796e-01 1.0612e-01 -3.0904 0.0020628 **
time2001 -3.8547e+02 6.1716e+02 -0.6246 0.5324060
time2002 -4.0612e+02 6.5050e+02 -0.6243 0.5325749
time2003 -4.1223e+02 6.6059e+02 -0.6240 0.5327669
time2004 -4.8169e+02 7.7237e+02 -0.6237 0.5330164
time2005 -4.7827e+02 7.6730e+02 -0.6233 0.5332406
time2006 -3.8509e+02 6.1797e+02 -0.6232 0.5333451
time2007 -3.1224e+02 5.0125e+02 -0.6229 0.5334988
time2008 -1.9400e+02 3.1131e+02 -0.6232 0.5333259
time2009 -6.2123e+01 9.9946e+01 -0.6216 0.5343912
time2010 -4.3426e+01 6.9856e+01 -0.6216 0.5343374
time2011 -4.0812e+01 6.5625e+01 -0.6219 0.5341677
time2012 -2.4790e+01 3.9928e+01 -0.6209 0.5348424
time2013 -1.6928e+01 2.7191e+01 -0.6226 0.5337338
time2014 1.8392e+01 2.9890e+01 0.6153 0.5385013
time2015 9.6563e+00 1.5470e+01 0.6242 0.5326589
iis58 1.0483e+00 3.1925e-01 3.2836 0.0010661 **
iis63 -1.0420e+00 3.1983e-01 -3.2581 0.0011654 **
iis76 -9.1240e-01 3.1980e-01 -2.8530 0.0044339 **
iis156 -1.0126e+00 3.3433e-01 -3.0287 0.0025286 **
iis224 -9.3141e-01 3.3081e-01 -2.8156 0.0049795 **
iis225 1.1429e+00 3.3189e-01 3.4438 0.0006012 ***
iis226 -8.6232e-01 3.3254e-01 -2.5931 0.0096722 **
iis227 -1.0182e+00 3.3163e-01 -3.0703 0.0022049 **
iis329 -1.0978e+00 3.1801e-01 -3.4521 0.0005832 ***
iis457 1.1000e+00 3.1938e-01 3.4442 0.0006003 ***
iis458 1.6060e+00 3.2063e-01 5.0090 6.630e-07 ***
iis459 1.3698e+00 3.2225e-01 4.2508 2.361e-05 ***
iis476 -1.0112e+00 3.1816e-01 -3.1784 0.0015335 **
iis521 -8.8426e-01 3.2466e-01 -2.7236 0.0065868 **
iis653 -9.0592e-01 3.1905e-01 -2.8395 0.0046244 **
iis705 1.2075e+00 3.1809e-01 3.7962 0.0001572 ***
iis798 -1.3440e+00 3.2346e-01 -4.1551 3.573e-05 ***
iis801 -9.8570e-01 3.1802e-01 -3.0995 0.0020013 **
iis875 -1.0001e+00 3.1828e-01 -3.1421 0.0017342 **
iis952 1.0071e+00 3.1976e-01 3.1495 0.0016914 **
fesisAlaska.2007 -9.8105e-01 1.7397e-01 -5.6393 2.310e-08 ***
fesisAlaska.2014 5.5286e-01 1.7245e-01 3.2060 0.0013952 **
fesisConnecticut.2009 -5.6784e-01 1.4482e-01 -3.9209 9.518e-05 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -7.4059e-01 1.5403e-01 -4.8081 1.796e-06 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.0174e+00 2.1925e-01 -4.6405 4.013e-06 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011 1.1970e+00 2.0746e-01 5.7699 1.104e-08 ***
fesisHawaii.2009 -5.3890e-01 1.6080e-01 -3.3514 0.0008389 ***
fesisNebraska.2013 5.7424e-01 1.5098e-01 3.8034 0.0001527 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -7.9490e-01 1.9541e-01 -4.0679 5.177e-05 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 7.9803e-01 1.4907e-01 5.3533 1.107e-07 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2008 7.0736e-01 1.5129e-01 4.6755 3.400e-06 ***
fesisWyoming.2017 -6.9241e-01 1.9716e-01 -3.5119 0.0004679 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 1.0428 1 0.3072
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.1616 1 0.2811
SE of regression 0.30636
R-squared 0.94561
Log-lik.(n=969) -177.62425 us_q30
Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_q30 (2000:2019); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:01:27 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 684
Sample: 1 to 684
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 0.081340 0.035478 2.2927 0.0222042 *
lgdp -0.796330 18.937845 -0.0420 0.9664729
lpop 4.044668 21.072424 0.1919 0.8478520
lgdp_sq -0.156434 0.331653 -0.4717 0.6373241
lfuel 0.498554 0.382082 1.3048 0.1924403
idCalifornia 2.054413 0.114625 17.9229 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 0.266464 0.082171 3.2428 0.0012482 **
idConnecticut 0.848909 0.111483 7.6147 1.009e-13 ***
idDelaware -0.175636 0.090387 -1.9431 0.0524582 .
idDistrictofColumbia -1.384828 0.132535 -10.4488 < 2.2e-16 ***
idFlorida 0.346992 0.082704 4.1956 3.125e-05 ***
idGeorgia -0.270544 0.081614 -3.3149 0.0009709 ***
idIdaho -1.389499 0.096208 -14.4426 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIllinois 0.342865 0.082872 4.1373 4.008e-05 ***
idIndiana -0.658398 0.084730 -7.7705 3.322e-14 ***
idIowa -1.454056 0.096728 -15.0324 < 2.2e-16 ***
idKentucky -1.463695 0.099604 -14.6951 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMaryland -0.390093 0.082305 -4.7396 2.667e-06 ***
idMassachusetts 0.975452 0.090781 10.7452 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 0.582059 0.084993 6.8483 1.825e-11 ***
idMinnesota 0.188779 0.081900 2.3050 0.0215011 *
idMissouri -0.908231 0.089209 -10.1810 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNevada -0.758430 0.098221 -7.7216 4.716e-14 ***
idNewHampshire -0.773265 0.085626 -9.0308 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewJersey 0.239849 0.082308 2.9140 0.0036984 **
idNewMexico -0.665346 0.084411 -7.8822 1.482e-14 ***
idNewYork 1.194376 0.095047 12.5662 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 0.253382 0.082154 3.0842 0.0021328 **
idOhio 0.577968 0.085132 6.7891 2.678e-11 ***
idOklahoma -1.122293 0.091297 -12.2928 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOregon 0.369153 0.156521 2.3585 0.0186637 *
idPennsylvania 0.642510 0.085684 7.4986 2.280e-13 ***
idRhodeIsland -0.536668 0.158366 -3.3888 0.0007472 ***
idSouthCarolina -0.538131 0.112359 -4.7894 2.102e-06 ***
idTennessee -0.776126 0.088216 -8.7980 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas 0.749702 0.087148 8.6026 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah -0.857730 0.088071 -9.7391 < 2.2e-16 ***
idVirginia -0.042333 0.082471 -0.5133 0.6079209
idWashington 0.149391 0.081763 1.8271 0.0681687 .
idWisconsin -0.061383 0.081329 -0.7548 0.4506884
time2001 -0.548275 2.561908 -0.2140 0.8306102
time2002 -0.351407 2.437284 -0.1442 0.8854060
time2003 -0.246561 2.580536 -0.0955 0.9239121
time2004 -0.226723 2.424186 -0.0935 0.9255169
time2005 -0.019473 2.414016 -0.0081 0.9935663
time2006 0.133047 2.163055 0.0615 0.9509739
time2007 0.217820 2.000875 0.1089 0.9133473
time2008 0.036582 1.435723 0.0255 0.9796807
time2009 -0.017390 0.476416 -0.0365 0.9708949
time2010 -0.145827 0.369164 -0.3950 0.6929663
time2011 -0.252451 0.365084 -0.6915 0.4895215
time2012 -0.261388 0.325048 -0.8042 0.4216212
time2013 -0.297130 0.301456 -0.9856 0.3246957
time2014 -0.536958 0.326867 -1.6427 0.1009505
time2015 -0.052446 0.114537 -0.4579 0.6471920
iis3 -0.741274 0.257917 -2.8741 0.0041929 **
iis99 -1.045690 0.271054 -3.8579 0.0001265 ***
iis103 -0.917499 0.293605 -3.1249 0.0018627 **
iis211 0.895940 0.258364 3.4677 0.0005617 ***
iis234 -1.100727 0.257593 -4.2731 2.235e-05 ***
iis324 -0.958357 0.257759 -3.7180 0.0002192 ***
iis360 -0.755375 0.268353 -2.8149 0.0050372 **
iis573 -0.936896 0.257777 -3.6345 0.0003020 ***
iis627 -0.880522 0.257600 -3.4182 0.0006723 ***
iis628 -0.939775 0.257876 -3.6443 0.0002909 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.567375 0.118338 -4.7945 2.050e-06 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.731702 0.125996 -5.8074 1.021e-08 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.603009 0.179617 -3.3572 0.0008363 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012 0.801562 0.174936 4.5820 5.584e-06 ***
fesisNevada.2012 -0.383389 0.123513 -3.1040 0.0019973 **
fesisOregon.2004 -0.723104 0.159274 -4.5400 6.778e-06 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -0.789741 0.158988 -4.9673 8.824e-07 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.758449 0.122000 6.2168 9.404e-10 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.11873 1 0.7304
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.33436 1 0.2480
SE of regression 0.24716
R-squared 0.94406
Log-lik.(n=684) 21.98927 0.05
us_all
Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_all (2000:2019); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:02:49 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 969
Sample: 1 to 969
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 2.9287e-02 2.7198e-02 1.0768 0.2818823
lgdp 1.7975e+04 1.5250e+04 1.1787 0.2388483
lpop -1.5070e+04 1.2789e+04 -1.1783 0.2390136
lgdp_sq -6.1233e+02 5.1922e+02 -1.1793 0.2386118
lfuel -3.7578e+01 3.2373e+01 -1.1608 0.2460712
idAlaska -8.8070e-01 1.3595e-01 -6.4779 1.600e-10 ***
idArizona 1.4707e+00 1.0400e-01 14.1415 < 2.2e-16 ***
idArkansas -9.3605e-01 1.6575e-01 -5.6474 2.244e-08 ***
idCalifornia 3.6420e+00 1.4307e-01 25.4566 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 1.7528e+00 1.0761e-01 16.2884 < 2.2e-16 ***
idConnecticut 2.3679e+00 1.3744e-01 17.2289 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDelaware 1.2874e+00 1.0939e-01 11.7684 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDistrictofColumbia -8.1670e-03 1.2659e-01 -0.0645 0.9485760
idFlorida 1.8381e+00 1.0897e-01 16.8676 < 2.2e-16 ***
idGeorgia 1.1513e+00 1.0192e-01 11.2962 < 2.2e-16 ***
idHawaii 1.0249e-01 1.1513e-01 0.8902 0.3736257
idIdaho -7.7192e-01 2.6957e-01 -2.8635 0.0042969 **
idIllinois 1.8353e+00 1.0936e-01 16.7829 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIndiana 7.7580e-01 9.5861e-02 8.0930 2.088e-15 ***
idIowa -5.8800e-01 2.6955e-01 -2.1814 0.0294341 *
idKansas -2.4168e-01 9.2077e-02 -2.6248 0.0088312 **
idKentucky -7.8160e-02 9.2224e-02 -0.8475 0.3969634
idLouisiana -3.8049e-02 1.0769e-01 -0.3533 0.7239403
idMaine -3.5221e-02 9.3227e-02 -0.3778 0.7056814
idMaryland 1.0604e+00 9.8887e-02 10.7236 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMassachusetts 2.5037e+00 1.2075e-01 20.7339 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 2.0874e+00 1.1322e-01 18.4355 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMinnesota 1.6720e+00 1.0676e-01 15.6610 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMississippi -9.3274e-01 1.2704e-01 -7.3424 5.052e-13 ***
idMissouri 5.1401e-01 9.4752e-02 5.4248 7.635e-08 ***
idMontana -7.4640e-01 9.2577e-02 -8.0624 2.634e-15 ***
idNebraska -6.9646e-01 1.2712e-01 -5.4786 5.703e-08 ***
idNevada 6.7622e-01 1.0844e-01 6.2361 7.167e-10 ***
idNewHampshire 6.5651e-01 9.5155e-02 6.8993 1.043e-11 ***
idNewJersey 1.7275e+00 1.0799e-01 15.9972 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewMexico 7.7056e-01 9.6146e-02 8.0144 3.787e-15 ***
idNewYork 2.7356e+00 1.2532e-01 21.8283 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 1.7395e+00 1.0756e-01 16.1728 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthDakota -8.3813e-01 9.5973e-02 -8.7330 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOhio 2.0840e+00 1.1344e-01 18.3703 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOklahoma 2.8591e-01 9.2471e-02 3.0919 0.0020557 **
idOregon 1.5910e+00 2.0642e-01 7.7078 3.691e-14 ***
idPennsylvania 2.1511e+00 1.1428e-01 18.8243 < 2.2e-16 ***
idRhodeIsland 8.8644e-01 1.6790e-01 5.2797 1.657e-07 ***
idSouthCarolina 9.0360e-01 1.2517e-01 7.2192 1.191e-12 ***
idSouthDakota -8.7724e-01 1.3590e-01 -6.4550 1.848e-10 ***
idTennessee 6.4825e-01 9.5182e-02 6.8107 1.876e-11 ***
idTexas 2.2647e+00 1.1632e-01 19.4696 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah 5.1983e-01 9.4300e-02 5.5126 4.735e-08 ***
idVermont -2.4738e-01 9.3191e-02 -2.6545 0.0080959 **
idVirginia 1.4274e+00 1.0348e-01 13.7935 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWashington 1.6308e+00 1.0627e-01 15.3462 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWestVirginia -6.3140e-01 1.0211e-01 -6.1833 9.881e-10 ***
idWisconsin 1.4072e+00 1.0296e-01 13.6678 < 2.2e-16 ***
idWyoming -5.7222e-01 9.6053e-02 -5.9573 3.799e-09 ***
time2001 -6.2547e+02 5.2950e+02 -1.1812 0.2378525
time2002 -6.5900e+02 5.5811e+02 -1.1808 0.2380383
time2003 -6.6901e+02 5.6677e+02 -1.1804 0.2381838
time2004 -7.8171e+02 6.6268e+02 -1.1796 0.2384872
time2005 -7.7632e+02 6.5833e+02 -1.1792 0.2386497
time2006 -6.2519e+02 5.3021e+02 -1.1791 0.2386829
time2007 -5.0704e+02 4.3006e+02 -1.1790 0.2387402
time2008 -3.1521e+02 2.6710e+02 -1.1801 0.2382848
time2009 -1.0130e+02 8.5751e+01 -1.1814 0.2377937
time2010 -7.0895e+01 5.9936e+01 -1.1829 0.2372105
time2011 -6.6656e+01 5.6305e+01 -1.1838 0.2368230
time2012 -4.0640e+01 3.4258e+01 -1.1863 0.2358519
time2013 -2.7757e+01 2.3330e+01 -1.1897 0.2344920
time2014 2.9682e+01 2.5645e+01 1.1574 0.2474273
time2015 1.5606e+01 1.3273e+01 1.1757 0.2400384
iis2 -8.5102e-01 2.6992e-01 -3.1529 0.0016752 **
iis4 -8.6329e-01 2.6987e-01 -3.1989 0.0014326 **
iis10 -1.0188e+00 2.6980e-01 -3.7761 0.0001708 ***
iis13 -7.4092e-01 2.7007e-01 -2.7435 0.0062121 **
iis17 -1.0947e+00 2.6989e-01 -4.0561 5.465e-05 ***
iis22 6.5934e-01 2.8555e-01 2.3090 0.0211906 *
iis41 -7.5797e-01 2.6796e-01 -2.8287 0.0047875 **
iis58 1.4265e+00 3.0110e-01 4.7377 2.546e-06 ***
iis63 -1.3359e+00 2.7398e-01 -4.8760 1.300e-06 ***
iis64 -1.0327e+00 2.7454e-01 -3.7616 0.0001808 ***
iis65 -1.0685e+00 2.7386e-01 -3.9016 0.0001034 ***
iis72 -1.1379e+00 2.7319e-01 -4.1654 3.437e-05 ***
iis76 -1.1893e+00 2.7381e-01 -4.3436 1.577e-05 ***
iis156 -1.0223e+00 2.8155e-01 -3.6310 0.0002998 ***
iis160 -8.5612e-01 3.0313e-01 -2.8242 0.0048539 **
iis201 7.0646e-01 2.6790e-01 2.6370 0.0085213 **
iis224 -9.6595e-01 2.7847e-01 -3.4688 0.0005499 ***
iis225 1.1253e+00 2.7946e-01 4.0266 6.183e-05 ***
iis226 -8.4172e-01 2.8024e-01 -3.0035 0.0027494 **
iis227 -1.0822e+00 2.7929e-01 -3.8750 0.0001151 ***
iis315 -7.9287e-01 2.6776e-01 -2.9611 0.0031532 **
iis329 -1.0754e+00 2.6774e-01 -4.0166 6.445e-05 ***
iis361 6.8644e-01 2.9132e-01 2.3563 0.0186914 *
iis365 -1.0291e+00 2.6829e-01 -3.8358 0.0001348 ***
iis371 -9.3475e-01 2.6837e-01 -3.4831 0.0005218 ***
iis457 8.7172e-01 2.8160e-01 3.0956 0.0020309 **
iis458 1.3930e+00 2.8222e-01 4.9360 9.654e-07 ***
iis459 1.1861e+00 2.8337e-01 4.1858 3.148e-05 ***
iis469 -5.7778e-01 2.7456e-01 -2.1044 0.0356447 *
iis476 -1.0164e+00 2.6792e-01 -3.7935 0.0001594 ***
iis505 7.7058e-01 2.6775e-01 2.8780 0.0041063 **
iis521 -1.0622e+00 2.8278e-01 -3.7564 0.0001845 ***
iis523 -9.1125e-01 2.8150e-01 -3.2372 0.0012556 **
iis532 1.2800e+00 3.6951e-01 3.4641 0.0005595 ***
iis550 -1.2829e+00 3.6932e-01 -3.4737 0.0005403 ***
iis652 8.0207e-01 2.6876e-01 2.9843 0.0029263 **
iis653 -8.5945e-01 2.6959e-01 -3.1880 0.0014868 **
iis657 -7.6249e-01 2.6862e-01 -2.8385 0.0046440 **
iis705 7.7007e-01 3.1973e-01 2.4085 0.0162382 *
iis783 1.2084e+00 2.8544e-01 4.2336 2.560e-05 ***
iis785 -5.9396e-01 2.8545e-01 -2.0808 0.0377634 *
iis788 1.0738e+00 2.8130e-01 3.8173 0.0001450 ***
iis789 8.4594e-01 2.8261e-01 2.9933 0.0028420 **
iis793 6.0488e-01 2.8127e-01 2.1505 0.0318063 *
iis796 1.3624e+00 3.1935e-01 4.2661 2.221e-05 ***
iis801 -9.7176e-01 2.6780e-01 -3.6287 0.0003024 ***
iis857 -6.2388e-01 2.6832e-01 -2.3252 0.0203058 *
iis865 6.1434e-01 2.6844e-01 2.2885 0.0223590 *
iis875 -1.0108e+00 2.6801e-01 -3.7716 0.0001738 ***
iis952 1.0039e+00 2.6931e-01 3.7276 0.0002066 ***
fesisAlaska.2007 -8.9717e-01 1.5453e-01 -5.8058 9.146e-09 ***
fesisAlaska.2014 5.5016e-01 1.4523e-01 3.7881 0.0001628 ***
fesisArkansas.2005 7.1985e-01 1.7174e-01 4.1914 3.072e-05 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -5.9363e-01 1.2226e-01 -4.8555 1.437e-06 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -7.6733e-01 1.3000e-01 -5.9026 5.231e-09 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -6.3060e-01 1.8566e-01 -3.3965 0.0007153 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012 8.4979e-01 1.7935e-01 4.7381 2.541e-06 ***
fesisHawaii.2009 -5.5469e-01 1.3563e-01 -4.0899 4.741e-05 ***
fesisIdaho.2002 8.1919e-01 2.6795e-01 3.0573 0.0023059 **
fesisIowa.2002 1.4605e+00 3.6881e-01 3.9599 8.149e-05 ***
fesisIowa.2003 -9.0430e-01 2.6886e-01 -3.3635 0.0008052 ***
fesisLouisiana.2011 -7.0790e-01 1.5542e-01 -4.5547 6.041e-06 ***
fesisLouisiana.2015 7.4895e-01 1.8485e-01 4.0518 5.565e-05 ***
fesisMississippi.2010 -3.1321e-01 1.3826e-01 -2.2654 0.0237479 *
fesisNebraska.2007 8.2867e-01 2.8142e-01 2.9446 0.0033252 **
fesisNebraska.2008 -6.3234e-01 2.8157e-01 -2.2458 0.0249842 *
fesisNebraska.2016 8.0050e-01 2.1423e-01 3.7366 0.0001994 ***
fesisNebraska.2018 -1.1849e+00 3.1906e-01 -3.7137 0.0002180 ***
fesisNevada.2012 -5.1019e-01 1.3329e-01 -3.8276 0.0001392 ***
fesisNevada.2018 6.2866e-01 2.8197e-01 2.2295 0.0260494 *
fesisOregon.2004 -4.8796e-01 1.9680e-01 -2.4794 0.0133584 *
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -8.0779e-01 1.6475e-01 -4.9033 1.136e-06 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 7.9809e-01 1.2565e-01 6.3517 3.522e-10 ***
fesisSouthDakota.2008 5.1102e-01 1.5875e-01 3.2191 0.0013364 **
fesisSouthDakota.2017 -6.1364e-01 2.1285e-01 -2.8830 0.0040418 **
fesisWestVirginia.2013 -5.3593e-01 1.2468e-01 -4.2985 1.926e-05 ***
fesisWyoming.2017 -7.1279e-01 1.6626e-01 -4.2871 2.025e-05 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.23862 1 0.6252
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.19367 1 0.6599
SE of regression 0.25779
R-squared 0.96349
Log-lik.(n=969) 12.11661 us_q30
Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + lfuel
us_q30 (2000:2019); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1
Date: Sat Apr 1 14:01:31 2023
Dependent var.: y
Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Variance-Covariance: Ordinary
No. of observations (mean eq.): 684
Sample: 1 to 684
SPECIFIC mean equation:
coef std.error t-stat p-value
ar1 0.0882223 0.0326667 2.7007 0.0071189 **
lgdp 0.6016326 17.4905400 0.0344 0.9725718
lpop 2.6468754 19.4444035 0.1361 0.8917687
lgdp_sq -0.1875343 0.3074644 -0.6099 0.5421379
lfuel 0.4145040 0.3510013 1.1809 0.2381116
idCalifornia 2.0400784 0.1042312 19.5726 < 2.2e-16 ***
idColorado 0.2943104 0.0747701 3.9362 9.267e-05 ***
idConnecticut 0.8516170 0.1004802 8.4755 < 2.2e-16 ***
idDelaware -0.1156936 0.0831572 -1.3913 0.1646711
idDistrictofColumbia -1.3643546 0.1195156 -11.4157 < 2.2e-16 ***
idFlorida 0.3454141 0.0742998 4.6489 4.122e-06 ***
idGeorgia -0.3049187 0.0742230 -4.1081 4.554e-05 ***
idIdaho -1.3362613 0.0877465 -15.2287 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIllinois 0.3411112 0.0744595 4.5812 5.647e-06 ***
idIndiana -0.6524522 0.0761986 -8.5625 < 2.2e-16 ***
idIowa -1.9458258 0.2372930 -8.2001 1.510e-15 ***
idKentucky -1.4154820 0.0914205 -15.4832 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMaryland -0.3863043 0.0739146 -5.2264 2.404e-07 ***
idMassachusetts 0.9689630 0.0819129 11.8292 < 2.2e-16 ***
idMichigan 0.5786048 0.0764620 7.5672 1.476e-13 ***
idMinnesota 0.4386143 0.1067110 4.1103 4.512e-05 ***
idMissouri -0.8980130 0.0803759 -11.1727 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNevada -0.7531537 0.0882891 -8.5305 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewHampshire -0.7604362 0.0789841 -9.6277 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNewJersey 0.2387283 0.0739257 3.2293 0.0013100 **
idNewMexico -0.5035726 0.0962018 -5.2345 2.304e-07 ***
idNewYork 1.1861693 0.0859205 13.8054 < 2.2e-16 ***
idNorthCarolina 0.2524640 0.0737795 3.4219 0.0006650 ***
idOhio 0.5744221 0.0765934 7.4996 2.368e-13 ***
idOklahoma -1.1129099 0.0823729 -13.5106 < 2.2e-16 ***
idOregon -0.1931937 0.2315892 -0.8342 0.4045017
idPennsylvania 0.6386135 0.0771135 8.2815 8.204e-16 ***
idRhodeIsland -0.5335541 0.1422899 -3.7498 0.0001945 ***
idSouthCarolina 0.0260935 0.2320970 0.1124 0.9105247
idTennessee -0.7700084 0.0794428 -9.6926 < 2.2e-16 ***
idTexas 0.7449631 0.0784937 9.4907 < 2.2e-16 ***
idUtah -0.8107421 0.0803564 -10.0893 < 2.2e-16 ***
idVirginia -0.0383966 0.0740278 -0.5187 0.6041796
idWashington 0.1490933 0.0734093 2.0310 0.0427050 *
idWisconsin -0.0599824 0.0729968 -0.8217 0.4115729
time2001 -0.7681470 2.3680421 -0.3244 0.7457650
time2002 -0.6032968 2.2525631 -0.2678 0.7889264
time2003 -0.5080589 2.3842184 -0.2131 0.8313286
time2004 -0.4467070 2.2398217 -0.1994 0.8419885
time2005 -0.2104229 2.2299060 -0.0944 0.9248521
time2006 -0.0412328 1.9980736 -0.0206 0.9835428
time2007 0.0898429 1.8481341 0.0486 0.9612444
time2008 -0.0324119 1.3275839 -0.0244 0.9805305
time2009 -0.0077507 0.4432986 -0.0175 0.9860562
time2010 -0.1412034 0.3442350 -0.4102 0.6818122
time2011 -0.2192076 0.3400732 -0.6446 0.5194443
time2012 -0.2347233 0.3022256 -0.7766 0.4376775
time2013 -0.2600081 0.2785162 -0.9335 0.3509199
time2014 -0.4941983 0.3004427 -1.6449 0.1005239
time2015 -0.0596381 0.1048269 -0.5689 0.5696273
iis3 -0.7176657 0.2315698 -3.0991 0.0020335 **
iis40 -0.5469847 0.2314227 -2.3636 0.0184234 *
iis87 -0.7628330 0.2344475 -3.2537 0.0012042 **
iis99 -1.0388721 0.2433199 -4.2696 2.283e-05 ***
iis103 -0.8966610 0.2638497 -3.3984 0.0007236 ***
iis144 0.7036245 0.2316269 3.0377 0.0024891 **
iis153 -0.7966932 0.2319526 -3.4347 0.0006349 ***
iis211 0.8773081 0.2324249 3.7746 0.0001765 ***
iis229 -0.6802965 0.2326051 -2.9247 0.0035807 **
iis234 -1.1045896 0.2316845 -4.7676 2.352e-06 ***
iis324 -1.0018210 0.2319355 -4.3194 1.836e-05 ***
iis360 -1.2920151 0.3201391 -4.0358 6.160e-05 ***
iis370 -0.6964624 0.2317550 -3.0052 0.0027673 **
iis503 -0.5607305 0.2326038 -2.4107 0.0162286 *
iis538 0.5606199 0.2333718 2.4023 0.0166026 *
iis551 -0.6210871 0.2332850 -2.6624 0.0079716 **
iis568 0.6224496 0.2361357 2.6360 0.0086105 **
iis569 0.5605638 0.2372506 2.3628 0.0184639 *
iis573 -0.9108843 0.2314128 -3.9362 9.268e-05 ***
iis624 -0.7349554 0.2315913 -3.1735 0.0015846 **
iis627 -0.8995076 0.2319190 -3.8785 0.0001169 ***
iis628 -0.9815138 0.2320339 -4.2300 2.709e-05 ***
fesisConnecticut.2009 -0.5776782 0.1065190 -5.4232 8.554e-08 ***
fesisDelaware.2014 -0.7829036 0.1146767 -6.8270 2.162e-11 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.6297810 0.1616167 -3.8968 0.0001087 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012 0.8292886 0.1684224 4.9239 1.103e-06 ***
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2017 -0.6415848 0.2471664 -2.5958 0.0096735 **
fesisDistrictofColumbia.2018 0.9233196 0.2761719 3.3433 0.0008805 ***
fesisIowa.2002 0.5320993 0.2323725 2.2899 0.0223824 *
fesisMinnesota.2007 -0.3659310 0.1117424 -3.2748 0.0011195 **
fesisNevada.2012 -0.4733971 0.1158924 -4.0848 5.022e-05 ***
fesisNevada.2018 0.6529545 0.2443671 2.6720 0.0077482 **
fesisNewHampshire.2019 0.5768078 0.2321379 2.4848 0.0132403 *
fesisNewMexico.2009 -0.6100910 0.1531028 -3.9848 7.599e-05 ***
fesisNewMexico.2012 0.4682480 0.1525527 3.0694 0.0022435 **
fesisOregon.2002 0.8371903 0.2763035 3.0300 0.0025531 **
fesisOregon.2004 -0.9591685 0.1711222 -5.6052 3.199e-08 ***
fesisRhodeIsland.2004 -0.7784702 0.1444557 -5.3890 1.026e-07 ***
fesisSouthCarolina.2002 -0.6427620 0.2436876 -2.6376 0.0085689 **
fesisSouthCarolina.2008 0.7332488 0.1181540 6.2059 1.026e-09 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Diagnostics and fit:
Chi-sq df p-value
Ljung-Box AR(1) 0.17072 1 0.6795
Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.11704 1 0.7323
SE of regression 0.22184
R-squared 0.95656
Log-lik.(n=684) 106.92467 Policy attribution
Database description
Policy attribution
Model specification of attributed breaks
- Time series: 2000:2019
- Sample: us_q30
- Function: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq
- p-val: 0.01
- AR(1)
- Applied interval of +/- 5y
Reflection and questions
How to look for policies when there’s a negative break? Should I look for the year when policies have stopped? Difficult to establish from the database
What is the influence of rebate/loan programs in the patent context? There’s a lot of them - for now gave more importance to standards / incentives / big projects. I’ve never seen them in the other policy databases.
What is the influence of interconnection standards in the patent context? it is a policy, together with Renewable Portfolio Standards, that appears in every state (not always relevant in the interval of years though)
General findings:
states with lots of policies are also high patenting states!
a lot of RE investment in houses through the ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 - post crisis).
issue with NAs in the years
General feeling: when there’s a break, it is likely that around that period the state started issuing programs of renewable energy policies.
Breaks (8):
Here you find the main policies that were found in the database. Here I only put the ones that I considered the most relevant, on which I did a deeper research. For a more complete overview I would suggest to have a look at the excel sheet “attributed_policies”, where you find all the policies that I found in the database in the relevant interval of time.
Connecticut 2009 (-)
Renewable Portfolio Standards (2006)
Clean Energy Fund (1998): The fund, created by PA 98-28, supports a wide range of renewable and clean energy projects and renewable energy technologies, including fuel cells.
PROJECT 150 (2003): PA 03-135 required electric companies to enter into minimum 10-year contracts for at least 100 megawatts of class I renewable power (PA 07-242 increased the amount to 150 megawatts). Class I resources include solar and wind energy as well as power produced by fuel cells. The power must come from facilities with a capacity of at least one megawatt that have received funding from the Clean Energy Fund. The law entitles generators who enter into these contracts to choose from two pricing mechanisms that are tied to market prices for power plus a premium. 2007 the Clean Energy Fund provided $176,000 to the University of Connecticut. The university, in collaboration with the United Technologies Company, used the funding to create advanced optical diagnostic tools to help develop proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems. Also in 2007, the fund provided a 600,000 grant, through its Operational Demonstration Program, to support a project to separate excess hydrogen generated by high-temperature fuel cells through a process that requires relatively low energy consumption and is less expensive than existing mechanical separation technologies.
Fuell Cell Initiative (2003)
Delaware 2014 (-)
- Renewable Portfolio Standards (2005) –> In 2005, Senate Bill 74
established a renewables portfolio standard (RPS) requiring Delaware
retail electricity suppliers to purchase 10% of theelectricity sold in
the state from renewable sources by 2019. Senate Bill 19 of 2007
increased the RPS target to 20%, and added a requirement that a portion
of the requirement be met with solar photovoltaic (PV) resources.
Thestandard was expanded again to 25% renewables and 3.5% photovoltaics
by 2026by S.S. 1 for S.B. 119 enacted in July 2010. The PV target began
at 0.011% forthe June 2008 - May 2009 compliance year (CY 2009) and
accelerates slowly overtime towards an ultimate target of 3.5% for
compliance year 2025-2026. The RPS applies to the state’s investor-owned
utilities, retail electricity suppliers,municipal utilities, and rural
electric cooperatives. Municipal utilities and rural electric
cooperatives are allowed to opt out of the RPS requirements if they
establish a comparable RPS program for their own ratepayers by 2013, and
establish a green energy fund.
Credit multipliers: Several compliance multipliers are currently available under the Delaware RPS. One of those multipliers –> 300% credit toward RPS compliance for in-state customer-sited photovoltaic generation and fuel cells using renewable fuels that are installed on or before December 31, 2014. The 300% multiplier cannot be applied to SRECs used for compliance with the PV carve-out, thus for PV carve-out compliance purposes, SRECs are counted on a 1-to-1 basis. The 300% credit formerly applied to all solar electric generation prior to the 2007 amendments.(https://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/1231/renewables-portfolio-standard)
District of Columbia 2008 (-); 2012 (+)
In October 2008, the District of Columbia enacted the Clean and Affordable Energy Act (CAEA), which effectively eliminated the RETF and replaced it with the Sustainable Energy Trust Fund (SETF) in 2011. –> This program is administered by the third-party DC Sustainable Energy Utility (DCSEU) which develops, coordinates,and provides programs for promoting the sustainable use of energy in the District of Columbia. Since 2011, DCSEU has saved residents $1.2 billion inenergy, invested over fifty million in low-income communities, and prevented 6.2 million tons of greenhouse gases. Notable expendituresinclude $2.4M to low-income multifamily projects, $814,000 in energy rebatesto businesses, $1.1M to workforce development, and $4.4M to custom commercial renovations and installations.Programs In the past, the RETF program supported weatherization measures; appliance replacements for low-income residents; RAD extension; LIHEAP expansion and education; energy efficiency for small businesses, institutions and nonprofits; ENERGY STAR appliance and lighting rebates, home energy ratings and loan promotions, public education and outreach, distributed generation and net metering; and renewable-energy demonstration projects.
Solar Renewable Energy Credits 2005-2006: The solar requirements began in 2007 at 0.005% of retail electricity sales and increase annually
Renewable Portfolio Standards (2005)
Community Renewable Energy Amendment Act (2013): This program sets a production capacity of 5MW on all systems, along with a minimum of two (2)subscribers. Community renewable energy facilities (CREF) may offset no more than 120% of the subscriber’s electricity consumption over the prior 12months. All individual billing meters must be within the District of Columbia.Credit rates will be applied to customer’s each billing month, and will be allocated by multiplying the quantity of kilowatt hours allocated to each subscriber by the subscriber’s CREF credit rate. The CREF credit rate is equal to to the standard offer service rate for the General Service Low Voltage Non-Demand Customer class or its successor, as determined by the Commission.
Iowa 2002 (+) [only at pval 0.05]
Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC) (1992) - Federal law
Renewable portfolio standard (1983) a.k.a Alternative Energy Law (AEL) in DSIRE Alternate Energy Revolving Loan Program (1996)
“In 2001, the Iowa lawmakers passed the state’s advanced ratemaking principles, which allowed utilities to own wind turbines, with shared benefits between customers and utilities, and kick-started heavy investment in wind production in the years that followed.” (from https://www.thegazette.com/news/iowas-status-as-a-renewable-energy-leader-how-we-got-here-and-whats-next/)
Nevada 2012 (-)
Large Scale Renewable Energy Property Tax Abatement (Nevada State Office of Energy) (2009)
Portfolio Energy Credits (2006)
Renewable Energy Sales and Use Tax Abatement (2009)
Oregon 2004 (-)
- Energy Trust of Oregon (1999) creation and started operations in 2002 (SB 1149 LEGISLATION)
Rhode Island 2004 (-)
Renewable Energy Standards (2004) –> Requirement: 14.5% by 2019, with increases of 1.5% each year until 38.5% by 2035. Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
Rhode Island Renewable Energy Fund (RIREF) (1997) –> CommerceRI’s Renewable Energy Fund (REF) is supported by a surcharge on electric and gas customers’ bills. Initially, the surcharge was was set at 0.0023 per kilowatt-hour (2.3 mills per kWh) and applied only to electric utilities. That funding supported both renewables and DSM programs. The law was amended in 2002 by establishing separate surcharges for renewables and DSM. The adjusted surcharge for renewables – set at 0.0003 (0.3 mills) per kWh – and the adjusted surcharge for DSM programs – set at $0.002 (2.0 mills) per kWh – was initially scheduled to remain in effect for 10 years, beginning January 1, 2003. The annual budget for the renewables fund during this 10-year period was approximately 2.4 million. Beginning January 1, 2007, Rhode Island’s gas-distribution utilities were required to include a surcharge of up to $0.15 per decatherm delivered. Legislation enacted in May 2011 (H.B. 5281) removed the specific surcharge amounts for electric and gas DSM programs. The bill also extended the duration of the overall fund to January 1, 2018.
South Carolina 2008 (+) [2002 (-) at pval = 0.05]
Santee Cooper green power program (2001) –> Santee Cooper’s Green Power Program was launched in September of 2001. The Green Power Program is Green-e accredited. 19 of the state’s 20 electric cooperatives participate. The resources are >99% landfill gas (methane) and<1% solar. Santee Cooper owns all renewable generation, currently 3 landfills and 1 solar demonstration project for a total of 14.2 megawatts.
Conserfund started 2000 and Conserfundplus in 2009 (ended in 2020) (https://energy.sc.gov/files/view/Conserfund%20Program%20Overview_LM_05.29.2020_0.pdf) 40$ million total fund
Interconnection guidelines adoption 2006: The South Carolina Public Service Commission (PSC) adopted simplified interconnection guidelines for small distributed generation (DG) in December 2006. South Carolina’s interconnection guidelines apply to Progress Energy,Duke Energy, and South Carolina Electric and Gas. These guidelines address interconnection of renewable- energy systems and other forms of DG in three levels - 1. Fast Track interconnection for a certified inverter based generating unit up to 20 kW 2. Fast Track for interconnection for systems larger than 20 kW up to 2 MW 3. For larger interconnection systems greater than 2 MW requiring interconnection study.
2007 state building energy standards
Renewable Energy Grant Program (2007) + Renewable Energy Revolving Loan Program (2007) provides grants to private and public entities located in South Carolina to assist those involved in renewable energy-related research and projects to become more competitive in obtaining federal and other grants. Matching grants up to $200,000 are available for demonstration projects that validate the effectiveness of new and future biomass technologies and products, provided that the grant does not exceed 50% of the total cost of the demonstration project. The South Carolina Department of Agriculture administers the grant program, in cooperation with the South Carolina Institute of Energy Studies and the South Carolina Research Authority. Disbursement of these funds must be approved by the South Carolina Renewable Energy Oversight Committee. Grants are also available for project planning and research and development projects.
Interesting/relevant federal policies
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) (2009)
Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC) (1992) The federal renewable electricity production tax credit (PTC) is an inflation-adjusted per-kilowatt-hour (kWh) tax credit for electricity generated by qualified energy resources and sold by the taxpayer to an unrelated person during the taxable year. The duration of the credit is 10 years after the date the facility is placed in service. Interesting –> this PTC was set to expire in 1999, but it was extended 12 times.